tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25802955458593749842024-03-16T11:52:55.527-07:00Earth EpochsHard evidence of many past civilizations, short duration Epochs, and super global cataclysms. With inquiries into the Last Great Cataclysm - 7,000 Years Ago, Objects Out of Place, giant flora and fauna - including dinosaurs and hominids, unknown crafts and occupants, and the Electrostatic Earth theory.Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-57292846251813380342018-09-18T08:41:00.002-07:002018-09-18T08:41:43.560-07:00Sunken city on the Florida Plain more than 10,000 years old<b style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue; font-size: 14px; text-size-adjust: auto;">A unique city scape in the Americas over 10,000 years old.</b><br />
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This is what appears to be the outlines of a city or at the very least an ‘urban plan’. This site is referred to as the ‘Sunken Florida Gulf City’ Plan.<div>
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This image was taken from an Inmarsat satellite infrared mapping process in the mid 2000’s </div>
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Located about 130 miles west of Homestead, FL in the gulf of Mexico. It is in the middle of the Florida Continental Shelf. Based on Google Earth measurements, (setting Google Earth coordinates to the satnav position of this image) at the same elevation, then measuring the relative length and width of this image, renders a size of some 18 miles in width and some 14 miles in breadth. Making this metropolis at least the size of Miami proper, and likely larger.</div>
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Because the lines, (streets) follow what appear to be contour, it is highly likely this plan was built long before water inundated this location.</div>
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Based on Google Earth details, this location is at roughly 120’ depth, making it contemporaneous with Yoniugni, Japan and the underwater ruins in the Bay of Khambhat, India. All three sites are at roughly 120’ depth, and with all things being equal, it should mean they are contemporary to each other.</div>
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Based on Ocean Rise data provided in my paper on Ocean Rise Across the Holocene, (download here: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/3779663/Holocene_Sea_Level_Rise?">https://www.academia.edu/3779663/Holocene_Sea_Level_Rise?</a>,) ocean levels have risen something around 190’ during the ‘Third Meltwater Pulse’ between 11,000-11,500 and 7,000 YBP. That is a relative 5’ rise per 100 years during that period.</div>
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At 5’ rise per 100 years, this site along with Yoniguni and the Bay of Khambhat, (who are both at this relative depth, were built and inhabited before the initiation of the event that triggered the third meltwater pulse). This is probable, because the technical sophistication of this site plan, indicates it was built with quite robust technical capability, and was probably not built in the face of 5’ sea level rise over 100’ year period. Im my opinion it is more likely to have been built in a stable geological period prior to the onset of the three Younger Dryas melt water events. Which makes its build date likely to be something earlier than 14,000 YBP.</div>
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As the entire ocean rise was over 410’ during the Holocene, It makes logical sense this metropolitan looking city scape was designed and built when ocean rise at the continental shelf was stable, as I don’t imagine engineering folks not taking into account the rapid onset of ocean rise if built during any of the three melt water events. A case could be made that they were built between the 2nd and thirds events, (about 1,000 year periods. As we, Western Civilization has built a sustained civilization in something over 500-1,000 years, depending on how you’re counting. As far as industrial civilization, it hasn’t been over 300 years from burning witches at the stake to putting men on the moon and bringing them home safely. As this is the only marker we have, we know it can be done in that period of time. For references, Miami was a native village 170 years ago,</div>
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What appear to be roads suggests some very specific technology, which has not been seen in any other remains of this antiquity.</div>
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I am interested in sharing the location of this site via SatNav coordinates to any group or organization that has the will and finances to go put cameras down on this location. Which means credible experience in Ancient Civilization research and publication.</div>
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As a side note, this city plan is located well into International waters, and as such, like the Titanic is subject to International Maritime Salvage Laws, and is not controlled by the US or State of Florida underwater Archaeology laws. Of course any jurisdiction with a vested interest will try to control this find, though International Maritime Law will prevail as it is written to prevent usurper from enacting contradictory legislation. And the US is a signature to that International agreement.</div>
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If you are an accredited agency with interest in coordinate location, let me know. If you’re putting this out for publication, please reference this blog or my Academia.com site <span style="color: blue;"><u>(https://www.academia.edu/37433283/A_unique_sunken_underwater_city_scape_in_the_Americas_over_10_000_years_old)</u></span> as original source. </div>
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John Jensen</div>
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Earth Epochs</div>
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Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-9211834699934969052017-05-27T13:16:00.000-07:002017-05-27T13:35:57.449-07:00An Ancient Canal - Matamoros, Mexico circa 3,450 YBP<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">An Ancient Canal - Matamoros, Mexico </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">This is an ancient (silted over, filled in) canal leading from the center of Matamoros , Mexico out to the Gulf. The original ocean breakwaters are worn away and nearly disintegrated, and the canal proper inland has been nearly obliterated by sand and debris wash that looks like tsunami debris. In any case, the sand and tide and tidal incursion as tsunami debris has covered the first 11 miles of this system. The first five miles from the current ocean shore has been almost completely obliterated by high dune like structures of what appears to be tsunami debris.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">From the ocean, and what was once a large harbor area, the canal continues about 26 miles inland to the now downtown areas of Matamoros, making it look for all appearances as if it were of modern origins. However it is in fact a much filled in, degraded and old system. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At the ocean side shore, the debris field is estimated to be 12’ to 18’ in height, for more than a mile inland, with continuing debris wash and upheaval for an additional 5.5 miles inland. Some erosion and other disturbance patterns are visible for another seven miles inland. The most important features for dating this anomaly is the tsunami debris field and the ocean inlet (harbor area) as defined by the still viewable breakwater jetties. Though degraded and eroded, they still show the harbor entry area.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fuJhy-IT2YA/WSnOjlzYxyI/AAAAAAAATfg/jBUzI1198vg_ARJLlE7qLTIXfkLDhpXTwCLcB/s1600/matamoros5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="621" height="526" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fuJhy-IT2YA/WSnOjlzYxyI/AAAAAAAATfg/jBUzI1198vg_ARJLlE7qLTIXfkLDhpXTwCLcB/s640/matamoros5.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-0d34d9b5-4b4f-9d1a-8ead-b62df35a7e7e"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Photo courtesy of NASA. Coordinates: 25°38'48.27"N, 97°14'35.82"W. Set 'Historical Imagery' to 11/18/2008</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This canal, about 20 miles south of the Rio Grande, in a straight line from Matamoros, which faces the Mexico-US border, is about 26 miles long to the ocean exit. It has a split (circular) feature at its head (enclosing the old city center), suggesting freshwater delivery to the city’s inhabitants, agricultural irrigation, aquatic farming, small craft commercial use, and probably a defense-security mechanism. It averages about 46' in width (nearly 60’ at the harbor, 55’ twelve miles inland, and about 35’ near the metropolitan area) between two high berm banks, and expected to be about 6' to 9' deep. If the canal's total length is 26 miles, at an average width of 40' and a depth of 9', original construction would have removed about 210,000 cubic yards of material per mile, or about 6.6 million cubic yards. At a cost of $10 per cubic yard, (in today’s dollars) it would cost about $66 MILLION in today's dollars to complete the entire project. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This canal system, like the North Key Largo canal system was in use when the Ocean Level was within 1 foot of its current level. Otherwise, the ocean opening would not be as wide nor at the location it is now. That means this canal is also more likely rather than less likely to have been a victim of the Axis Tilt Event, (the same global catastrophe that caused the Santorini explosion in the Mediterranean, and probably the breach of Gibraltar Strait and many other events.) </span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-56f82495-4b4f-eaa3-10d1-ca78007e015a"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It certainly is NOT 7,000 years old, because the secondary tidal shelf from 7,000 years ago is about 1,500 feet offshore. So this system was built when the tidal level was within 1 to 1.5 feet of its current level, or something not earlier than 5,500 years ago. I don’t think it is of post Columbian age, as the erosion level is too significant to be within the last 150 to 200 years.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vpdkiLYKaOw/WSnPGFlxwSI/AAAAAAAATfo/478b623OVGkizmxB8P49r1kZtW11gOaJgCLcB/s1600/matamoros1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="749" height="459" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vpdkiLYKaOw/WSnPGFlxwSI/AAAAAAAATfo/478b623OVGkizmxB8P49r1kZtW11gOaJgCLcB/s640/matamoros1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-b79d4b06-4b53-9c86-58a1-c69f4921997a"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Photo courtesy of NASA.</span></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b54-0092-65e0-926ab13e7514"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This south breakwater wall appears to be significantly eroded. Made of large boulders, the breakwater wall is degraded to the point of being split into two sections near shore, and the original breakwater, harbor and canal have completely disappeared for about a mile under sand and other buildup, which appears to be a tsunami debris field. During our recent or modern history there has not been a tsunami large enough on the gulf coast to leave tsunami debris field 1.5 miles inside the shoreline that is several meters deep, which is exactly what is represented here. </span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U9MH6HBbe6w/WSnMxVwFQyI/AAAAAAAATfU/aapQyDgjFUkPfeptNzoVLp6_OZpZunlWQCEw/s1600/matamoros2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="375" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U9MH6HBbe6w/WSnMxVwFQyI/AAAAAAAATfU/aapQyDgjFUkPfeptNzoVLp6_OZpZunlWQCEw/s1600/matamoros2.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-0d34d9b5-4b54-cd52-4c71-d2740c1e4e5c"><span style="font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo courtesy of Google Photos</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Distance between the two breakwater walls is roughly 800 feet, suggesting it was probably servicing a harbor opening rather than just the small 40’ wide canal that runs inland in a straight line for 26 miles.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is not known whether the north breakwater wall was originally longer than its current degraded length. </span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b55-1d41-018e-b6d18158bca9"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">From a design engineering standpoint, it may have been longer due to the fact that it angles south by southeast more steeply than the southern breakwater wall angles toward the northeast, suggesting the prevailing winds and tidal-storm surge were predominately from the south-southeast when it was built. The longer southern breakwater wall would clearly protect the canal-channel entrance. It is an open question as to why the northern wall angles so steeply south, and whether it was originally much longer. My opinion is that it was in fact longer, but was eroded and degraded from the tsunami that probably arrived from the Northeast.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Moving inland from the Atlantic shore and the potential harbor opening, the tsunami force was so great that it all but obliterated the canal, eroding all but vestiges of its former structure for eight to nine miles inland.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JS_9_OniKnk/WSnM2TxFPoI/AAAAAAAATfU/vvcrKaE1RKovnFmTu5yc2t2Vhg1AFo0VgCEw/s1600/matamoros3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="541" data-original-width="767" height="450" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JS_9_OniKnk/WSnM2TxFPoI/AAAAAAAATfU/vvcrKaE1RKovnFmTu5yc2t2Vhg1AFo0VgCEw/s640/matamoros3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b5d-89ac-32de-317aafc395c8"></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There are outlines of rectangular forms on the ground facing the banks of the canal 3 miles inland that suggests some form of buildings or structured land use prior to the devastation. All remnants of that use seem to have disappeared with the extreme nature of the destruction. About 12 miles inland is where the heavy wash and residue seems to diminish. There is no apparent effect further inland. A twelve mile incursion with a heavy shore side debris field depth measured in meters suggests a very strong and very high tsunami. In my estimation, the tidal height may have been measured in the low hundreds of feet.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This canal system appears to have been built, and or in use long before modern development. Most of it seems to represent a period in time when the tidal shoulder was at most about 1’ lower than it is today, which suggests this system was built before the Axis Tilt Event of 3,450 YBP, and then was abandoned following that event.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The building method was double berm, or removing material from the canal way depositing the residue on the closest bank. This is a method used up to and including modern times. It is typical when the cutting machine is a single long or goose-neck excavator that sits on a swivel platform, usually on the uncut bank in front of the canal. It is also used on floating platforms.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It would be very instructive to do C-14 and other tests on the berm piles for exact date of build and use.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On a side note, it seems to me, if the Matamoros canal can be carbon dated to before 3,450 years ago, it might be well worth the effort to also carbon date the Brownsville canal on the US side of the border, as that canal, though much larger, has been dug into the same location around the US side of the Matamoros, Mexico border.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JUnasviLCrc/WSnM82fQ5tI/AAAAAAAATfU/f3iEjf7bB4sfDUTE4PoCfqmRt-8BEbLlwCEw/s1600/matamoros7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="593" data-original-width="791" height="476" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JUnasviLCrc/WSnM82fQ5tI/AAAAAAAATfU/f3iEjf7bB4sfDUTE4PoCfqmRt-8BEbLlwCEw/s640/matamoros7.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b65-9111-19dc-bf9f6afdb15f"></span><br />
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b65-9111-19dc-bf9f6afdb15f"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Photo courtesy of NASA</span></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b65-9111-19dc-bf9f6afdb15f"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This canal system appears to have been built, and or in use long before modern development. Most of it seems to represent a period in time when the tidal shoulder was at most about 1’ lower than it is today, which suggests this system was built before the Axis Tilt Event of 3,450 YBP, and then was abandoned following that event.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The building method was double berm, or removing material from the canalway depositing the residue on the closest bank. This is a method used up to and including modern times. It is typical when the cutting machine is a single long or gooseneck excavator that sits on a swivel platform, usually on the uncut bank in front of the canal. It is also used on floating platforms.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It would be very instructive to do C-14 and other tests on the berm piles for exact date of build and use.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On a side note, it seems to me, if the Matamoros canal can be carbon dated to before 3,450 years ago, it might be well worth the effort to also carbon date the Brownsville canal on the US side of the border, as that canal, though much larger, has been dug into the same location around the US side of the Matamoros, Mexico border.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kln_X2N9niA/WSnZlappzsI/AAAAAAAATf4/uzLPv2P0VUYI-TsN92_XJvL52eoORb8tgCLcB/s1600/brownsville1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="1196" height="340" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kln_X2N9niA/WSnZlappzsI/AAAAAAAATf4/uzLPv2P0VUYI-TsN92_XJvL52eoORb8tgCLcB/s640/brownsville1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: calibri; font-size: 9pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Photo courtesy of NASA</span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b76-f4a2-fd87-cbab1e62143a"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Up close, the Brownsville Canal has many features that suggests it might very well be built on a much older degraded system. Particularly when assessing the oil industry tanks and storage area at the head of the canal. Most of the docks and quays are very regular and geometric, as if they had been built within the last 100 years of the oil industry’s use of the location as a refinery area and transport hub for moving petroleum out of the Texas oilfields.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IfxbpzZpymM/WSnNAniphZI/AAAAAAAATfU/t_V6SkKxwXgC_WVobgTpQrPY-I9WWwkhACEw/s1600/matamoros8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="943" height="398" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IfxbpzZpymM/WSnNAniphZI/AAAAAAAATfU/t_V6SkKxwXgC_WVobgTpQrPY-I9WWwkhACEw/s640/matamoros8.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Photo courtesy of NASA</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Further back toward the ocean, many of the angled cuts that are usually quays, are very degraded and just have the appearance of being much older with uneven edges and heads. They are currently being used as a graveyard dismantling location for decommissioned Navy ships. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-abc45757-4b7a-3da6-e13a-b1ce5ed17f40"></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Even further back toward the ocean opening there are what appears to be cuts or quays that have completely silted over and filled in leaving faint outlines of their once useful presence. This area has almost an eerie resemblance to the the washed out areas of the smaller eastern Matamoros canal near the tsunami zone.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IVEYKqjY6Os/WSnM1M5qyqI/AAAAAAAATfU/Jy6JRpCFPmIY_0BLKOPEv-Pekwi85flwQCEw/s1600/matamoros10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="958" height="366" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IVEYKqjY6Os/WSnM1M5qyqI/AAAAAAAATfU/Jy6JRpCFPmIY_0BLKOPEv-Pekwi85flwQCEw/s640/matamoros10.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Photo courtesy of NASA</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Brownsville canal is about 1,550’ wide and services Aircraft Carriers so it is presumably over 40’ deep. One of the issues from an Engineering standpoint is why a large, wide canal servicing Navy Carriers, was built some 17+ miles inland simply to load (not off load) petroleum. Some time later, as an afterthought, decommissioned Navy ships appeared, using the system as a junk-salvage yard. This is a gigantic project to build, consisting of a canal 1,550’ wide by 40’ deep, which equals 62,000 cubic ft of material for every linear foot of canal. 1 Mile equals 317,440,000 cubic feet of material, which reduces to 35,271,000 cubic yards. At a conservative $8.00 per cubic yard, in today’s Corp of Engineer’s bid averages for work of this nature, a single mile costs</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b> $282 Million dollars</b></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and the total 17 miles of this canal represents a cost of about </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>$4.8 Billion</b></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (with a ‘B’) adjusted to today's dollars.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As that is such a gargantuan sum for any Corporation or group of Corporations, or Government entity to fund, particularly when the oil could be moved via pipeline to a harbor much closer to the ocean for lots less money, it should be quite simple to find where and when that budget was authorized, by who, either private industry, or the Corp of Engineers. Such documentation does not appear to exist.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Surprisingly there is no record of a project of that magnitude in any archives I have researched. There are much much smaller budget authorizations to “dredge’ and clean out certain sections of the Brownsville canal, and to build, rebuild or repair causeways and breakwater walls, but nothing to Engineer, Design and Build this project from scratch. It isn’t that we are incapable of building it in the last 120 years, because we are, but there just is no record that we, in fact did. And money of that magnitude does not just disappear down some bureaucratic rat hole.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In conclusion, portions of the Brownsville canal looks for all intents and purposes, to have been originally built and used around the time the Matamoros canal was in use, sometime before 3,450 YBP. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Further information on the devastation of the 3,450 YBP event can be seen on my blog here under “Earth’s Axis Tilt” from Dec, 2014 </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Other work and papers are available on my Academia website here:</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.academia.edu/9818019/Earth_s_Axis_Tilt_Global_Catastrophe_Breach_of_Gibraltar_Strait_and_a_Global_Calendar_Change_-3_450_Years_Ago" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://www.academia.edu/9818019/Earth_s_Axis_Tilt_Global_Catastrophe_Breach_of_Gibraltar_Strait_and_a_Global_Calendar_Change_-3_450_Years_Ago</span></a></div>
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Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-78533231125600900912017-03-25T15:32:00.001-07:002017-03-25T15:32:40.473-07:00The ICA Stones Controversy<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>The Ica Stones Controversy</b></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">One of the most prolific set of images depicting concurrent man-dinosaur co-existence are the Ica stones collected by Dr. Xavier Kabrera and other explorers, and stored in the private museum of Dr. Kabrera, as well as the Ica museum, the Aeronautics museum in Lima, the Naval museum in Callao, and others. The total number of Ica Stones is between 11,000 and 15,000, and, according to Dr. Kabrera, taking into account all of the stones which have been distributed to private collectors, there are more than 50,000 stones. Dr. Kabrera estimates that in subsoil (buried or hidden) remains more than 200 - 300 thousand similar stones.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The engraved Ica stones are river boulders of andesite from 15-20 g to 500 kg in weight and from several centimeters to 1 meter and more in diameter (length) with pictograph inscribed on them by some means of engraving - grooves of 1-2 mm in depth, or executed in the technology of a low relief. The images are different enough and include:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>People and extinct (dinosaur) figures</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Polydactyl horses (meryhippuses), prehistoric elephants (mastodon or dinotheres), prehistoric camels (alticameluses), and other animals</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Dinosaurs including triceratops, stegosauruses, brachiosaurs, pterosaurs, iguanodons, tyrannosaurs and pterodactyls, etc.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Semimen-semibirds, like kimnaras and sirens </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">People astride polydactyl horses, prehistoric elephants, alticameluses, dinosaurs</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Operations on ablation of extremities (limbs), transplantation of kidneys, hearts, trepanation of sculls and replanting of brain and so on</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Geographical and star maps with images of known and unknown continents, the suns, stars, comets and "people" watching them</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Erotic scenes of obvious homosexual activity, etc.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">'People', or more correctly 'Hominid' images engraved on the Ica stones differ from modern humans with their depiction of an anatomically larger head. Their head size to torso relationship is 1:3 or 1:4, and for modern humans this ratio is 1:6 – 1:7) their heads show a slanting forehead. These 'hominids' appear to belong to a different branch of the Homo sapiens tree, something like a very large Neanderthal, or other Giant hominids. Kabrera had a similar point of view and considered that hominids on the Ica stones probably were not our grandparents.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">One of the earliest mentions of the engraved stones is found in Juan de la Santa Cruz Pachakuti's report “The List of Documents of the Antiquity from Peru” (1613). In that report , Santa Cruz states that “...during governing of Pachakuti’s Inca Jupanka (1438-1471) in the region where Ica province is situated today, great number of stones with engravings had been revealed.” </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The reference to the Ica stones at the beginning of 17th century reduces to zero a probability they ALL are modern hoaxes. Of course, the document in question has to be verified, but it is unlikely that records of that antiquity will be lost in any short time frame, because several copies exist. The main record is probably held in the Spanish National Archives, and a copy in the National Archives of Peru.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">However, that being said, and provenance being established, it is still likely that indigent farmers of this area, when confronted with tourist traffic that will pay for 'relics', find it reasonable and easy to create a cottage industry producing local similar fresh 'copies' to meet that tourist demand. With provenance being established for at least some of the Ica Stone, does not mean they all are authentic, any more than if does if some of the stones are copies, means they all are copies. The real conundrum is we don't know at this point which is which.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Understanding provenance on all stones being impossible to ascertain, does not in any way negate the provenance of various report from the 1500’s and later. It remains up to qualified specialists to find reasonable means to validate the authentic from the copies. In conclusion, some of the stones have been recorded in the mid to late 1500's and some of them are more than likely local forgeries. At the current time it is difficult to ascertain which is which, although dating methods should be available that can determine patina dating. I would suggest that a blanket acceptance on all stones would be as foolish as denial of authenticity of all stones. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">It is up to individual researches to do their own due diligence and research to determine which stones are authentically 'ancient' and which are modern.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>An Ica stone depicting a man riding an Apatosaurus.</b></span></div>
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The depiction of the skin texture and patterning on various dinosaurs on Ica stones is “dead on” as confirmed by every paleontologist that the stones were shown to. Since the discovery of fossilized dinosaur skin in 1992, it has been suggested that the large circles (not the small ones of which there are many more), would have most likely been located on the animals in places where the skin did not move as much, such as the side instead of near joints such as hips. This is how the circular patterning is shown on the animals on these stones.</div>
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On the left stone a man is shown riding a Triceratops.</div>
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Note that the textured skin shown on the animal was not known by scientists until 1992. Not to mention the amazing fact that this stone shows a warrior riding a Triceratops!</div>
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The stone to the right depicts an image of a man riding a pterosaur for battle purposes. Note the clear skin texture that is evident on all dinosaurs on Ica stones, as well as the dagger in the warrior’s hand. It even seems to show membrane skin on the wings and not feathers or hair, indicating these indigenous natives must have seen living specimens to have such anatomical knowledge. </div>
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I obtained several large photos of the ICA stones from the Wikimedia Commons website and they are displayed below without much comment. All ICA Stones photos are used with permission.</div>
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What the authentic stones do seem to suggest is that we have some chronology of the history of life muddled up a bit. The stone’s story seems to say in quite clear detail, that a form of humans, not necessarily modern man, or even Cro-Magnon, coexisted with very large animals, including what we call ‘dinosaurs’. </div>
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The fact that Stegosaurus spine plates are visible on many of the drawings, and those plates were not discovered until 1992 suggests another avenue of authenticating that man and dinosaur coexisted at some time on this planet. Based on other depictions, glyph's, carvings and legends from around the world, these animals probably existed up through the recent Epoch.</div>
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First, there are the references from the Jesuit missionaries in 1535 and in 1562; the Spanish sent some of the stones back to Spain. </div>
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Second, archaeologists found stones in Paracas, Tiahuanaco, and Ica tombs dating from 500 B.C. to 1,000 A.D. </div>
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Third, laboratory tests indicate a degree of antiquity with patina covering the grooves of the stones. </div>
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Fourth, microscopic analysis reveals that there is no evidence that rotary tools or saw blades were used to carve the stones that were tested. </div>
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Fifth, there are twelve Moche vases in Peruvian museums dating from 70 A.D. to 900 A.D. with dinosaurs on them. </div>
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Sixth, a Nazca textile depicts thirty-one dinosaur figures. The textile was found in a Nazca tomb. The textile had been authenticated and dated from 400 A.D. to 700 A.D. </div>
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There are over thirty thousand figures engraved on more than three thousand stones discovered in Southern Peru in 1951 at Toro Muerto, far from the Ica Providence. Many of the stones are engraved like those in the Cabrera Museum in bas relief style.</div>
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The stones are believed to be done by the Wari who inhabited the region from 500 to 1,000 A.D. Some of the stones depict dinosaurs. </div>
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An engraved stone with dinosaurs and other animals was excavated from a tomb near the Rio Grande Palpa. The stone had been found in a Nazca tomb and has been dated from 400 to 700 A.D. There were about thirty eyewitnesses to the discovery.</div>
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The conclusion is quite clear. Many of the stones from the Nazca-Ica area are from historically recent time. Many may be copies created simply to sell to the tourist trade. This should not be shocking to researchers, professionals, science, or academia, as it is a time worn practice in many other ‘archaeology’ sites around the world. Some of the copies may be very sophisticated reproductions, where an artificial ‘aging’ process is created (baked) onto the surface. Others are cruder, and easier to identify.</div>
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The various locations where the stones are found and the different patina layering suggests the stones, like the Pre-Inca and Inca cultures survived across quite different periods of time.</div>
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The stones themselves suggest a possibility of three periods of manufacture. One is current (within 40-60 years) consisting of fakes, forgeries and copies. </div>
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The second is ‘recent’, based on light patina and oxidation; this could be anything from near current to a pre-Columbian era around 1,000 AD. </div>
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The third is the authentically genuine old stones that show a very high degree of patina, aging, encrustations, and uniform weathering.</div>
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Last, it is important to keep a level view of this material phenomenon. This is an ‘all’ or ‘none’ proposition for both sides of the Evolution vs Creation debate. Both sides have a very strong motive to prove one side or the other wrong, based on their particular world view and belief systems. The authentic stones do not prove anything about creationism. We are not able to determine their age, the method of carving, the method of producing bas relief images, or whether they are a library, or a written language. We do not have the first clue as to their purpose or meaning, other than they are found in many grave sites.</div>
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So it is less than genuine to speculate on their subjective relationship to any theology. On the other hand, fakes and forgeries do not in the least invalidate authentic stones. It is not necessary to invalidate the whole lot in order to disprove a ‘Gradualism’ or creationist view. What the authentic stones do seem to suggest is that we have some chronology of the history of life muddled up a bit. The stone’s story seems to say in quite clear detail, that a form of humans, not necessarily modern man, or even Cro-Magnon, coexisted with very large animals, including what we call ‘dinosaurs’, and in all probability, in the not too distant past.</div>
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The fact that Stegosaurus spine plates are visible on many of the drawings, and those plates were not discovered until 1992 suggests another avenue of authenticating that man and dinosaur coexisted at some time on this planet.</div>
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Based on other depictions, glyphs, carvings and legends from around the world, these animals probably existed up through the recent Epoch.</div>
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In conclusion, there are more than 30,000 Ica Stones from Peru. Many are copies and fakes, and many more are original artifacts from burial sites that date back 700 or more years. (Carbon dated results are based on grave remains (pottery, linens, etc. in the graves where one or more ICA stones were removed from). Experts surmise there are more than 200,000 + stones still unearthed. It appears the stones were some kind on intelligent “library” or some similar mechanism. It would seem to me a logical assumption that a surviving group from a devastating cataclysm might try to record their pre-cataclysm history while the memories were still fresh. The pictographs on the stones make the case that the original civilization was quite advanced.</div>
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<b>ICA Stones Bibliography:</b></div>
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<i><br />Cientifico Descubre Dinosaurios en Ica. Ojo-Lima, Domingo 03 de Octobre de 1993, p. 7.<br /><br />Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Llamquie: Relacion de antiquedades deste reyno del Piru. 1571.<br /><br />Interviews with Dr. Javier Cabrera, his sister, Isabel Cabrera, and his daughter, Eugenia Cabrera.<br />Herman buse. Introduccion Al Peru. Lima, 1965<br /><br />Santiago Agurto Calvo. “Las piedras magicas de Ocucaje”. El Comercio. Lima, 11 December, 1966.<br /><br />Alejandro Pezzia Asserto. Ica y el Peru Precolombino. Volume I (Ica: 1968), p. 25ff.<br /><br />Erich Von Daniken. According to the Evidence. (Souvenier Press: Great Britain, 1976), pp 284ff.<br /><br />Ryan Drum. “The Cabrera Rocks,” Info Journal. No. 17 (May, 1976), p. 10.<br /><br />Robert Charrous. L’Enigme des Andes Editions. (Robert Laffont: Paris, 1974), p. 72.<br /><br />“The Amazing Ica Stones. The Peruvian Times. (August, 25, 1972).<br /><br />Roy L. Moodie. “Injuries to the Head among the Pre-Columbian Peruvians”. Annals of Medical History. (Vol. 9), p 278<br /><br />Alejandro Pezzia Asserto. Ica y el Peru Pre-Colombino, Vol. 1. (Ica: 1968)<br /><br />John W. Verano. “Prehistoric Disease and Demography in the Andes.” In Disease and Demography in the Americas. Ed. J. Verano and D. Ubelaker, pp. 15-24, (Washington D.C. and London: Smithsonian Institution Press), 1992.<br /><br />John W. Verano. “Physical Evidence of Human Sacrifice in Ancient Peru.” In Ritual Sacrifice in Ancient Peru.<br /><br />Ed. Elizabeth P. Benson and Anita G. Gouv, (Austin: University of Texas Press), 2001, pp. 165-184.</i></div>
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<b>John M. Jensen Jr.</b></div>
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JohnMJensenJr@gmail.com </div>
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- AncientCanalBuilders.com</div>
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- EarthEpochs.com</div>
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- govst.academia.edu/JohnJensen</div>
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Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-69301334972564954032017-03-20T10:40:00.002-07:002017-03-20T10:41:18.062-07:00T-Rex and the Carbon 14 Dating Controversy<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>For openers, I would like to assure you that I am not in the least bit an advocate or supporter for any religious-creationists views, nor am I a supporter or advocate for long term gradualism-evolution. Neither seems to me, to fit the natural and observable facts of our known biological envelope. <b>John Jensen</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Scientists tell us that Dinosaurs lived up until about 65 million years ago, when an asteroid about 6 miles across, slammed into the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The asteroid may have happened, but it certainly did not kill off all the dinosaurs. This paper will make the case that Dinosaurs survived well into the early Holocene based on 14c tests of non-fossilize dinosaur bones, (including T-Rex and similar sized dinosaurs) showing the results of more than 60 'blind' 14c tests in major worldwide laboratories which returned dates between 12,000 YBP and 42,000 YBP. We will discuss in detail the discovery of Dr. Mary Schweitzer of North Carolina State and her discovery of 'collagen and hemoglobin element' in a T-Rex hind limb.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Photo was taken at the Museum of Natural Science, Milano, Italy by Stefano Bolognini, Nov, 2009.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Soft Tissue from a T-Rex Dinosaur?</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>The following is NOT all my own original material, though it substantially follows my personal research. Extracted from an article by Brad Harrub, PhD - and other printed publications, papers and materials.</i></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>It is not a secret that DNA cannot stand up to harsh environmental factors such as heat or intense pressure. </i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Additionally, we know that the molecular structure of DNA begins to break down rapidly after an organism dies. Scott Woodward and his colleagues observed: “Nucleic acids have limited life expectancies under physiological conditions, and DNA is particularly susceptible to oxidative and hydrolytic damage” (Woodward, et al., 1994, p. 1229). This rapid degradation was one of the arguments the defense used to discount the blood evidence in O.J. Simpson’s famous double-murder trial.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">It was also the picture painted in the famous movie Jurassic Park. Moviegoers learned that DNA could not sustain the test of time—but blood-sucking insects preserved in amber still possessed usable DNA. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">And from that people began to speculate: “Could we create a living dinosaur from DNA?” That question has been recast into the spotlight as researchers made an amazing announcement. The Washington Post reported: </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Soft tissue found within a dinosaur bone!?</b> How could that be? “For more than a century, the study of dinosaurs has been limited to fossilized bones. Now, researchers have recovered 70-million-year-old soft tissue, including what may be blood vessels and cells, from a Tyrannosaurus Rex” </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">(Schmid, 2005, emp. added). </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In a Science article titled “Tyrannosaurus Rex Soft Tissue Raises Tantalizing Prospects,” Erik Stokstad commented: “On page 1952, the team led by Mary Schweitzer of North Carolina State University in Raleigh describes dinosaur blood vessels— "still flexible and elastic after 65 million years—and apparently intact cells” (2005, 307:1852). In the opening abstract of their report, Schweitzer and her colleagues remarked:</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>“Soft tissues are preserved within hind limb elements of Tyrannosaurus Rex (Museum of the Rockies specimen 1125). Removal of the mineral phase reveals transparent, flexible, hollow blood vessels containing small round micro structures that can be expressed from the vessels into solution. </i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">Some regions of demineralized bone matrix are highly fibrous, and the matrix possesses elasticity and resilience. Three populations of micro structures have cell-like morphology. Thus, some dinosaur soft tissues may retain some of their original flexibility, elasticity, and resilience."</span> (2005, 307:1952, parenthetical item in orig.).”</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The authors go on to disclose that this Tyrannosaurus Rex specimen was discovered “at the base of the Hells Creek Formation, 8m above the Fox Hills Sandstone” (307:1952). They estimated the creature’s age at approximately 18-years-old. However, the fascinating part of this report was in the pictures. Schweitzer and her colleagues included over 20 microscopic images of the soft tissue that was recovered from the dinosaur bone.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Schweitzer and her colleagues carried out an experiment in which they applied a weak acid to demineralize the dinosaur bone. They observed: </span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>“After 7 days, several fragments of the lining tissue exhibited unusual characteristics not normally observed in fossil bone. Removal of the mineral phase left a flexible vascular tissue that demonstrated great elasticity and resilience upon manipulation. In some cases, repeated stretching was possible.” (307:1954).</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In a personal communication, Schweitzer discussed the serendipitous way in which the material was discovered. The Washington Post account mentioned that the bone was broken when it was moved, which permitted access to the soft tissues. When asked if that was, indeed, true, Mary Schweitzer responded: <i><span style="color: #cc0000;">“Yes and no. It was broken in the field—too heavy for the helicopter in one piece. But that only allowed access to the bone chunks they didn’t need to ‘rehabilitate’ the dino. The soft tissues were not immediately apparent or expected” (Harrub, 2005, emp. in orig.).</span></i> By having more than one piece, Schweitzer and her colleagues were able to get a better view of the internal aspects of the bone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Expected or not, the end result has opened a chasm of questions. Scientists are questioning how this soft protein material can be so fresh when it was discovered in “70 million year old bones.” Maybe the question they should be asking is: “Are we sure these bones are so old, given that they contain such fresh proteins and elastic soft tissue?” In the conclusion of their report, Schweitzer and her colleagues noted:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">“However, we demonstrate the retention of pliable soft-tissue blood vessels with contents that are capable of being liberated from the bone matrix, while still retaining their flexibility, resilience, original hollow nature, and three-dimensionality.... This T. Rex also contains flexible and fibrillar bone matrices that retain elasticity” </span>(307:1955).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This scientific evidence does not hold up under typical dinosaur age timelines.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In the description of one of the images included in the report the authors observed: <span style="color: #cc0000;">“Round red microstructures within the vessels are clearly visible” </span>(307:1953). The report in Science News further proclaimed:<span style="color: #cc0000;"> “The researchers squeezed round, microscopic structures out of the presumed T. rex blood vessels. Those small spheres, which ranged from dark red to deep brown, may be red blood cells, says Schweitzer.” </span>(Perkins, 2005, 167:195). When asked if the contents of the blood vessels were indeed blood cells, Schweitzer gave a carefully guarded answer. She stated: </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #990000;">“I don’t know what any of it is until I do tests. I have been in paleontology enough to know that just because something looks like something we recognize does not mean that it is” </span>(Harrub, 2005, emp. in orig.) –‘a wise response, given the negative response from the scientific community to her 1997 discovery in which she mentioned blood cells from dinosaur tissue. In that article she described the moment in the laboratory in which it became apparent:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">“The lab filled with murmurs of amazement, for I had focused on something inside the vessels that none of us had ever noticed before: tiny round objects, translucent red with a dark center. Then a colleague took one look at them and shouted, ‘You’ve got red blood cells. You’ve got red blood cells.” </span>(Schweitzer and Staedter, 1997, p. 55). </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The colleague that “took one look” was University of Montana professor, “Dinosaur Jack” Horner, one of America’s best-known paleontologists, who discovered his first dinosaur fossil when he was eight years old. So in the past it was red blood cells. But now we have soft tissue—including blood vessels! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In this peer-reviewed report by researchers including from Lund University in Sweden and Southern Methodist University in Dallas, scientists confirm another biological tissue discovery using sophisticated techniques to rule out modern contamination, bio-film, etc., concluding that original biological collagen exists in a small bone from an extinct marine reptile called a Mosasaur. Yet according to a report in Science Magazine as it relates to the discoveries of dinosaur tissue, scientists calculate the maximum survival time of collagen not in millions but in thousands of years.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>More Soft Dinosaur Tissue</b>, Now from an "80 Million" Year Old Hadrosaur:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">According to Nat'l Geographic, there's yet another discovery of soft tissue in a dinosaur, this time, a Hadrosaur, with soft blood vessels, connective tissue, and blood cell protein amino acid chains partially sequenced at Harvard University. This allegedly 80-million year-old non-fossilized duck-billed dinosaur tissue was discovered by a team led by researchers at North Carolina State University. Harvard, et al., wanted to get some soft dinosaur tissue so they put together a team and just went out and found some. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Consider all the potential soft tissue, and perhaps even DNA, lost to humanity because of secular universities ignoring outside claims of a false evolutionary timescale (65 million year old extinction of dinosaurs) which has so biased paleontologists that they would never even look for non-decomposed original biological tissue inside of dinosaur bones.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">For decades these kinds of announcements have been mostly just ignored because of the old-earth evolutionary assumptions. But now that original dinosaur tissue has been repeatedly confirmed, the existence of biological material and even living bacteria in allegedly million-year-old specimens should be acknowledged and re-assessed. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">As listed by Dr. Walt Brown…</span><br />
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<li><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Allegedly 17 million year old magnolia leaf contains DNA (Scientific American 1993)</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Allegedly 18 million year old salamander muscle and vessels filled with blood (Proc. Roy. Soc. 2009)</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Allegedly 40 million year old bee fossil contains LIVING bacteria (Science 1995)</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Allegedly 120 million year old insect fossil contains DNA (Nature 1993)</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Allegedly 200 million year old fish fossil contains DNA (Science. News 1992)</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Allegedly 400 million year old fish amino acids (Journal of Applied Genetics 2003).</i></li>
<li><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Allegedly 600 million year old rock contains LIVING bacillus (Nature 2000).</i></li>
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</b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Biological Material from a "150-Million" Year Old Archaeopteryx</b>:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">One would think that these "dinosaur-era" finds would be trumpeted as the scientific discovery of our age. But as late as 2012, so many evolutionists whom we talk to at RSF: </span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Have never even heard of these developments</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Initially deny them (soft-tissue deniers) </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Assume that it must be creationists who found the sample, repeating the debunked claims that these are not dinosaur tissue but bacterial biofilm contamination.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Now the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reports the discovery of various types of original biological material in archaeopteryx feathers and bones that allegedly has survived for 150 million years. </span></li>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ccYsVKx3eCM/WNALjyDaSoI/AAAAAAAATYI/JRNBzpGAoMoXfQJ7yUPO0N2yvii68W5YACPcB/s1600/fossilflyer1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ccYsVKx3eCM/WNALjyDaSoI/AAAAAAAATYI/JRNBzpGAoMoXfQJ7yUPO0N2yvii68W5YACPcB/s400/fossilflyer1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The New Scientist report, "Soft tissue remnants discovered in Archaeopteryx,” put it: </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">‘It boasts more than just...impressions of long-gone feathers. One of the world's most famous fossils...Archaeopteryx – also contains remnants of the feathers' soft tissue. ... "It's amazing that that chemistry is preserved after 150 million years."</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Paleontologists had long thought that only impressions remained. [But]<span style="color: #cc0000;"> "There is soft-tissue chemistry preserved in places that people didn't expect it," </span>says geochemist Roy Wogelius. [RSF: Not enough biological material was discovered to call it tissue but only remnants of tissue.] </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Carbon-14 found everywhere it’s not supposed to be </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">(even in "dinosaur era" fossils):</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">C-14 decays in only thousands of years and therefore cannot last for millions. Thus evolutionists did not expect to find C-14 EVERYWHERE it shouldn't be if the earth were old (Answers, 2011). Carbon-14 is found in coal, oil, limestone, fossil wood, graphite, natural gas, marble, dinosaur fossils, and even in supposedly billion-year-old diamonds! A secondary assumption by old-earth scientists proposed that the C-14 in diamonds (coal, etc.) must have come from C-13 and neutron capture. Calculations can falsify this claim as Dr. Jonathan Sarfati argues, for scarce crustal radioactivity could explain less than one 10,000th of the C-14 in diamonds, and similarly, there would have to be thousands of times more uranium, thorium, etc. throughout the earth's crust everywhere that these globally dispersed materials are found.)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">That Mosasaur (above), shown by researchers to have original biological material and not contamination, also contained five percent modern carbon. Radiocarbon also exists even in supposedly million-year-old two-mile deep natural gas wells (CRSQ Fall 2007): "Once again, fossil gas is not carbon-14 dead. Thus, the age of the gases is on the order of thousands, not millions of years.” See more at RSF's List of Not So Old Things and in Round Four of our debate with AronRa. C-14 in specimens supposedly millions or a billion years old is so ubiquitous that it is longer an anomaly. And while Gradualists had hoped they could attribute it to contamination, Dr. John Baumgardner, of Los Alamos National Labs has documented in Dec, 2010 Creation Matters that C-14 exists even in the hardest naturally-occurring, contamination-resistant substance on earth, within diamonds.</span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w5z9YwuicmE/WNALzcCmbKI/AAAAAAAATYI/W5juYH_ckecYRTr7Wo6cvtJXCQi2A0jeQCPcB/s1600/C-14test_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w5z9YwuicmE/WNALzcCmbKI/AAAAAAAATYI/W5juYH_ckecYRTr7Wo6cvtJXCQi2A0jeQCPcB/s640/C-14test_1.jpg" width="489" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Summary of supporting evidence for accuracy and reliability for the significant presence of C-14 in dinosaur bones and therefore young RC ages.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Short Summary: </b>The most obvious scientific justification for accepting the RC ages for dinosaurs in the thousands of years is the concordance of RC ages between bone collagen and bone bio-apatite. If the date for a particular specimen is questionable or controversial RC dating labs recommend that the C-14 testing be repeated on several fractions using AMS and/or on larger samples using both AMS and conventional C-14 methods. We have made such repetitive tests and we obtain dates in the 22,000-33,000 range for dinosaur bones each time a different dinosaur bone or portion of the bone was tested for C-14. For example: Triceratops collagen was 30,080 ± 200 using AMS and 33,830 +2910/-1960 using the conventional method with a large sample (See Table 1).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Further Chart of C-14 test of additional non fossilized dinosaur bones.</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KObG1z11Tl4/WNALzL1YP2I/AAAAAAAATYI/18FfEACGTkcNW_pgDdWKFw19izyjbNB-QCPcB/s1600/C-14test_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KObG1z11Tl4/WNALzL1YP2I/AAAAAAAATYI/18FfEACGTkcNW_pgDdWKFw19izyjbNB-QCPcB/s1600/C-14test_2.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Conclusion to RC (C-14) Dating Dinosaur Bones</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">It is a really simple question, Dr. Schweitzer. "Why not AMS RC (14c) test the so-called T-Rex hind limb? It is a straight forward 'falsification' step in the process. Why will Academia not test ANY dinosaur bones that show 'elastic collagen and hemoglobin elements"? It IS being done in other parts of the world, and now with more than 360 results in Eurasia, and more than 65 results here in North America, we are reaching the threshold where Science and Academia begin to lose their credibility. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The answer has nothing to do with the long held animosity between Science and Religion, but has everything to do with the actual truth. Which is, "Dinosaur have lived on this planet for a very long time, and NOT all, although some MAY have, gone extinct 65 million years ago. In fact, some may have lived well into the mid to late Holocene. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>John M. Jensen Jr.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">JohnMJensenJr@gmail.com </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">- AncientCanalBuilders.com</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">- EarthEpochs.com</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">- Academia.edu/JohnJensen</span><br />
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Photos: All Photos are included under the ‘fair use’ act for non-profit, educational, or training purposes. Most are included from Government or other Public Domain sources. Private or copyright photos are attributed where possible. This online eBook is an education-research publication.</span>Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-29815840615553121242017-03-10T14:11:00.000-08:002017-05-05T06:01:16.964-07:00The Electrostatic Earth and the Gravity Question<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">March - 2017</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So here I am again after nearly two years of what has turned out to be a weird time for me. I started getting sick and weaker about two years ago, which finally culminated in having a major heart attack last Nov 1st followed by a quadruple bypass. It's four months later, and I am feeling much better and decided to get the rest of my papers out on the blog. So here goes.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The next several papers will deal with my research into the nature of Gravity and the Electrostatic Field. This work was initially put together around 2012.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Electrostatic Earth and the Gravity Question</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In this paper we are going to look at the major factors that dictate whether ‘Gravity’ is “attenuated”, “variable” or a fixed law of the “G” force.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“Unlike electromagnetic force, which acts at right angles to charge motion, gravity is a simple direct inverse-square of distance force, as IS electrostatic action. Yet we struggle and fail to forge a link between gravitation and electromagnetism. Can it be that what is seemingly impossible, mutual electrostatic action between matter that is uncharged electrically, is the true answer to the mystery of gravitation?" </i></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dr. Harold Aspden 2005. </span><br />
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Introduction</b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In this paper we will review the idea in detail, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">looking at the question of whether “Gravity” is a fixed law as proposed by Newton, or whether the “G” force is in fact variable and something entirely different than “Gravity.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This work started out as a single question about the dynamics of Newton’s law of universal gravitation and Einstein’s theory of general relativity. The question asks “How, and by what mechanisms do events and phenomenon occur that appear to contradict the fixed law of gravity and the assumptions of general relativity?” It eventually evolved into a derivative question, “Does phenomena exist and do anomalous events actually occur that contradict the law of universal gravitation? It seems likely that much of the phenomena does or did exist, and anomalous events actually do occur, so the question regarding the law of universal gravitation, by definition, has to be investigated in terms of whether gravitation has a hidden or unknown variable, or some other explanation that accommodates such phenomenon and events.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have been doing full time research for the last seven years around a discovery I made in 2008 regarding ancient/sunken harbors, canals and channels on the East and Gulf Coasts of the US and Mexico. That research is detailed on my website: http://ancientcanalbuilders.com. During that process, various phenomena continually appeared that seemed to be at odds with the universal law of gravitation, or at least in the beginning my understanding of that law.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The first sets of phenomena include the wide variety of gigantism and dwarfism of flora and fauna in the geological column. Without discussing any specifics of regression or dating, the general known artifacts of giant flora and fauna demonstrate 3-4 general ranges of size, typified by very large, large, medium, and moderate sized dinosaurs are but one example. Many other species of animal and plant life follow the above general size characteristics and categories. The question of variable, or ‘attenuated’ “G” force arises when considering a 90,000 pound sauropod down to the moderate sized large mammals of the late Pleistocene, early Holocene that went collectively extinct following the end of the last ice age. How exactly, in our current gravitational environment did muscle power alone provide the torque necessary to raise a 40’ neck and head weighing over 50 tons more than 60’ in the air? How could leg muscles alone lift a quarter of a million pounds off the ground if the animal ever lay down to sleep or accidentally fell? We know for a fact those dinosaurs existed, and if muscle power alone can’t account for their motive power and ultimate survival, what are we left with?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The phenomenon is supported by the fact that a very wide population of flora and fauna show the same relative variants in size distribution. Fossil remains of extremely large trees that had circumferences of well over half a mile, and estimated heights of above 7,000 feet are well documented. That a tree of that size had to have some of the same gravitational issues as the 120,000 pound sauropod is self-evident. Dragonflies with 6’ wingspans are also known from the fossil record. The articulated bones of dinosaur flyers with 35’ wingspans, weighing upwards of 400 pounds, hang in museums today. Also in the historical and fossil record are giant hominids of varying sizes. One example is a 5’ footprint impression found in an upright granite slab in South Africa, which would represent a hominid of about 35’ stature. Historical records from Sumerian texts to the more recent “Book of Giants”, (part of the Dead Sea Scrolls) detail giants that were between 14’ and 16’ tall, called by the Sumerians ‘Annunaki’, to a smaller group between 12’ to 14’ tall, (the giants of Bashan) and a medium group between 10’ and 12’ tall (biblical Goliath), and a moderate group that were between 8’ to 10’ tall.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It seems more likely to me that if many other species of flora and fauna show a wide range of giant size diversity, then certainly hominids should show a similar diversity, making hominid giants much more probable statistically, than the idea that the only hominid homo sapiens that have ever populated the earth is an average 5’ 8” Cro-Magnon-modern human.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Due to recent additions of various skull types to the family tree of Homo sapiens, including the non-cranial deformation elongated skulls of Peru, Egypt and other parts of the world, and the Starchild Skull, it seems likely the list of variations of hominin-hominid-homo sapiens will continue to grow. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Looking at the diversity of giant flora and fauna in the geological column, and most particularly the size range and diversity of dinosaur and other flora and fauna populations requires an in-depth evaluation of Newton’s law of universal gravitation. If any part of it, as the above issues suggest, has a variable or ‘attenuation’, then it isn’t a “law,” and probably isn’t ‘gravity’ at all, but some other force entirely. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This is how the original question evolved. One last thought; it is important to keep in mind that I make no claim whatsoever regarding “ages” of giant flora and fauna, including dinosaurs. It is entirely immaterial when they lived, and or went extinct when considering their size variations and that relationship to a law of universal gravitation. Any rebuttal to this paper should consider such acknowledgement as already given. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are many other alternatives to an asteroid impact, and when studied carefully, the Earth (geological column) exhibits characteristics that indicate some (or many) of those alternatives may have occurred at one or more times in our geological past. Some of those alternatives may have had a direct impact on the ‘density’ of the “G” force. An example is the 'Blue Eye of the Sahara'. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Everything we know about 'Thunderbolts' suggest that the “Richat Crater” above is a scar from an incoming positive 'charge-strike', which explains in Electrical Engineering terms the difference in so called Gravity or 'G' force before the resulting global catastrophe, and the different 'G' force following it. (As evidenced by the extinction level event of mega fauna across the Holocene Start) It is the only plausible explanation for giant animals and humans that at one time were quite large, and now are reduced to no living creature larger than an elephant being able to walk upright. As discussed earlier, it is just not possible for a 125 ton animal to move, lie down, or get up in conditions of current so called 'G' force. The same restriction hold true for 500 pound flyers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are a whole lot on non-electrical Scientist that throw a tizzy when I start talking about 'G' force being nothing like the quaint 17th Century maxim that it is purported to be. The so called 'Law of Gravity' (Newton's Maxim) is now being proven to be as archaic as Tesla said it was.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And he was not nearly as charitable about it as I am. He said at one point that Einstein was a "parlor magician.” We now know that so-called 'G' is at least 'attenuated', which proves it is NOT a fixed law, after all. The fact of what 'G' force actually is, should remain for another day, but whatever the answer is, it fits everything we have observed of so called UFO's, their occupants and collective behaviors.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Unknown Craft and Encounter Phenomenon</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A second level of inquiry into the variable nature of gravity, is the so-called UFO event phenomenon, and reported occupant encounters. Without getting into any speculation as to ‘who they are, or where they come from’, or any support regarding ‘ancient aliens’, the phenomenon of the historical reports that number in the tens of thousands, indicate that some underlying facts must underpin the multitude of sightings by credible and reliable witnesses. What I am concerned with here, is not whether reports are valid or even true, but what are the general and often universal characteristics of these reported events? For the sake of clarity, I will use the term craft in describing any ‘UFO’ or ‘UUO’ object of observation, and ‘encounter’, ‘hominin’ or occupants as describing any close contact phenomenon involving craft personnel .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After about 20 years of serious research regarding craft and encounter reports, I am convinced of two things. One, the tens of thousands of reliable and credible reports suggests some event phenomenon IS in fact occurring, regardless of the number of reports with mundane explanations and/or inflammatory, exaggerated, or intentionally misleading content and bias; and two, the events have several significantly similar characteristics that argue FOR some credibility in report veracity. They simply are not ALL swamp gas, illusions or mass hysteria, neither are they necessarily “Extraterrestrial” or “Aliens” as the media and public has become accustomed to defining them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Similar craft event characteristics include:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Instantaneous appearances and disappearances, regardless of whether they are stationary, moving slowly or traveling at very high speeds.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Speed and abnormal flight characteristics which are unknown in our technologies of flight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The general, though not universal lack of recognizable audio or sound properties.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The appearance of recognizable technology such as flashing or pulsating multi colored lights.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The appearance of some form of unknown symbols or signs as coherent identifying marks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The visual condition of the craft changing from various degrees of transparency to complete opaque visibility, and/or invisibility (disappearance). This condition is more common than almost any other.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Size and shape similarities and differences. By far the most common being the so called “disk” shape. This universal shape is depicted in pre-historic cave paintings and 16th century oil paintings.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A single craft splitting into many small elements, moving independently, then rejoining or reforming into a single unit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The ability to transition between water sub surface and aerial flight without resulting water surface turbulence.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are certainly many more individual craft event characteristics reported, but the above are generally those that are consistently repetitive. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I hesitate to make characteristic comparisons to close encounter occupants, though there are however, a few body types that are consistently reported.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Reptilians (Earliest culture reports)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Grays, Tall and Short. (Current reports)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pleidians, Lyrans (Tall blonde Nordic type with long white hair)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Others, Angels, Demons, Elves, Leprechauns, and Blue Fireplug</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Most disturbing to me is the misleading and/or mis-characterization by the military, academia, science and the media, that often relegates craft and contact reports as ‘fringe’ or ‘kook’ category level data, rather than examining the report information in a rational and unbiased way. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’m really not clear as to the reason, but the most antagonistic attackers are religious based theologians, theoretical sciences, academia, and the media, which covers just about anyone with an agenda. I would suspect that religion has the most to ‘lose’ if phenomena actually exists that puts at test a ‘God’ centric universe, but that is only speculation on my part.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have no ax to grind in looking at the data and information. I am neither a proponent nor antagonist to creationism, intervention, alternative theory, evolution, theoretical physics, historical sciences, or structured academia. I find them all aggressively incompetent to explain an impossibly complex universe of divergent event phenomena on and in our little blue ball.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Collectively, the UFO and CRAFT reports must have some general truths, even if that truth is hallucinogenic or hysterical in nature. It is possible that we are looking at something akin to a holographic image of something that was ‘recorded’ at some point in the distant (space-time continuum) which replays sporadically when local or ambient electrostatic currents attune to a frequency that displays the image. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Something like how a holographic projected image might be displayed in some real world “Star Wars” like image of Princess Lea’s warnings to the Federation. The truth is, we don’t know what the phenomenon actually is. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What we do know is that the amount and kind of reports that are globally occurring on a regular basis suggest it is highly unlikely to be ‘mass hysteria”.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I don’t personally advocate the ‘Hologram Recording’ explanation as a position I can support, but until discounted, it should be considered, along with the others discussed here. Regardless of ‘What’ the phenomena is, it deserves some review regarding the nature of ‘G’ force, because of the reported collective characteristics of the aerodynamics of the crafts observed. As a response to these questions, the following data looks into the state of scientific research for potential explanations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The following summary review is of the Sturrock/Rockefeller Report covering studies of the (UFO) phenomenon in the late 1990’s. This material is extracted from a report compiled by Anthony J. Craddock with assistance from Dr. Paul LaViolette and many other researchers and was edited by myself.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Sturrock/Rockefeller Report</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Society of Scientific Exploration, with funding by Laurence S. Rockefeller, put on a workshop organized by Dr. Peter Sturrock, with the purpose of reviewing physical evidence purported to be associated with (UFO) craft sighting events. This was the first major review of these issues by the scientific community in nearly three decades, and the results were reported in the national media.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The abstract of the workshop proceedings (which was published in the Journal of Scientific Exploration) is reprinted below. This is followed by the Stanford University News Service Press release about the workshop proceedings. The full report of the proceedings is available from the Journal of Scientific Exploration and was later expanded in a book by Dr. Peter Sturrock in 1999.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Physical Evidence Related to UFO Reports:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Pocantico Conference Center, Tarrytown, New York, September 29 – October 4, 1997</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">P. A. Sturrock, et al., Varian 302G, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Abstract:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The purpose of this four-day workshop was to review purported physical evidence associated with UFO reports, with a view to assessing whether the further acquisition and investigation of such evidence is likely to help solve the UFO problem, namely the determination of the cause or causes of these reports.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Seven UFO investigators presented a variety of physical evidence that they claimed was associated with UFO reports: photographic evidence; luminosity estimates; radar evidence; interference with automobile functioning; interference with aircraft equipment; apparent gravitational or inertial effects; ground traces; injuries to vegetation; physiological effects on witnesses; and analysis of debris. There was in addition a presentation of investigations into recurrent phenomena that occur in the Hessdalen Valley in Norway.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A review panel was composed of nine scientists of diverse expertise and interests. The panel offered comments and criticisms concerning the investigations that were presented, and also prepared a summary of their overall response, with the following key elements:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Concerning the case material presented by the investigators, the panel concluded that a few reported incidents may have involved rare but significant phenomena such as electrical activity, but there was no convincing evidence pointing to unknown physical processes or to the involvement of extraterrestrial intelligence.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The panel nevertheless concluded that it would be valuable to carefully evaluate UFO reports since, whenever there are unexplained observations; there is the possibility that scientists will learn something new by studying these observations. However, to be credible, such evaluations must take place with a spirit of objectivity and a willingness to evaluate rival hypotheses.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The best prospect for achieving a meaningful evaluation of relevant hypotheses is likely to come from the examination of physical evidence.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The chances of a significant advance are considered to be greater now than at the time of the Colorado Project that led to the Condon Report thirty years ago, because of advances in scientific knowledge and technical capabilities, and in view of the example of a modest but effective UFO research project provided by the French space agency CNES.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Stanford University News Service News Release, 6/22/98 -Scientific panel concludes some UFO evidence worthy of study.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the first independent review of UFO phenomena since 1970, a panel of scientists has concluded that some sightings are accompanied by physical evidence that deserves scientific study. But the panel was not convinced that any of this evidence points to a violation of known natural laws or the involvement of an extraterrestrial intelligence.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The review was organized and directed by Dr. Peter Sturrock, professor of applied physics at Stanford University, and supported administratively by the Society for Scientific Exploration, which provides a forum for research into unexplained phenomena. The international review panel of nine physical scientists responded to presentations by eight investigators of UFO reports, who were asked to present their strongest data. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Von R. Eshleman, professor emeritus of electrical engineering at Stanford, co-chaired the panel.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Although collected and categorized UFO reports date back 60 years, the information gathered does not prove that either unknown physical processes or alien technologies are implicated. But it does include a sufficient number of intriguing and inexplicable observations, the panel concluded. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"It may be valuable to carefully evaluate UFO reports to extract information about unusual phenomena currently unknown to science." </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To be credible to the scientific community "such evaluations must take place with a spirit of objectivity and a willingness to evaluate rival hypotheses" that has so far been lacking, it added.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This conclusion differs from that reached by Dr. Edward U. Condon, director of the Colorado Project, in his 1968 UFO report. He concluded that "further extensive study of UFOs probably cannot be justified in the expectation that science will be advanced thereby. It is very similar, however, to the conclusion reached by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics’ Kuettner Report issued two years later, which advocated "a continuing, moderate-level [research] effort with emphasis on improved data collection by objective means and on high-quality scientific analysis."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the current study, the scientific panel focused on incidents involving some form of physical evidence, including photographic evidence, radar evidence, vehicle interference, interference with aircraft equipment, apparent gravitational or inertial effects, ground traces, injuries to vegetation, physiological effects on witnesses, and debris. Of particular concern are reports that UFO encounters may be hazardous to people’s health. Some witnesses have reportedly suffered radiation-type injuries. These reports led the panel to draw the attention of the medical community to the possible health risks involved.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The scientists found that some of the reported incidents may have been caused by rare natural phenomena, such as electrical activity high above thunderstorms or radar ducting (the trapping and conducting of radar waves by atmospheric channels). However, the panel found that some of the phenomena related to UFOs are not easy to explain in this fashion.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Further analysis of the evidence presented to the panel is unlikely to shed added light on the causes underlying the reports, the scientists said. Most current UFO investigations lack the level of rigor required by the scientific community, despite the initiative and dedication of the investigators involved. But new data, scientifically acquired and analyzed, could yield useful information and advance our understanding of the UFO problem, the panel said.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The reviewers also made the following observations:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The UFO problem is not a simple one, and it is unlikely that there is any simple, universal answer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Whenever there are unexplained observations, there is the possibility that scientists will learn something new by studying them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Studies should concentrate on cases that include as much independent physical evidence as possible. Continuing contact between the UFO community and physical scientists could be productive. Institutional support for research in this area is desirable.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The review panel consisted of:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Von Eshleman;</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Thomas Holzer, High Altitude Observatory in Boulder, Colo.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Randy Jokipii, professor of planetary science, University of Arizona, Tucson;</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Francois Louange, managing director of Fleximage, Paris, France; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>H. J. Melosh, professor of planetary science, University of Arizona, Tucson;</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>James J. Papike, professor of Earth and planetary sciences, U of NM, Albuquerque, NM</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Guenther Reitz, German Aerospace Center, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Charles Tolbert, professor of astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Bernard Veyret, Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, France. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Eshleman and Holzer served as co-chairs of the panel.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>The UFO investigators who presented evidence were:</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Richard Haines, Los Altos, Calif.;</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><u><br /></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Illobrand von Ludwiger, Germany; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Mark Rodeghier, Center for UFO Studies, Chicago; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>John Schuessler, Houston; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Erling Strand, Ostfold College, Skjeberg, Norway;</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Michael Swords, professor of natural science, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Jacques Vallee, San Francisco; </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Jean-Jacques Velasco, CNES, Toulouse, France.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The study was initiated by Laurance S. Rockefeller and supported financially by the LSR Fund. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Review by David F. Salisbury , e-mail: david.salisbury@stanford.ed Related material and the full report can found at the Journal for Scientific Exploration website. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Argument against ‘Aliens” and ‘Extraterrestrials’ – a decidedly different view</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So far, I have taken ‘head on’ some of the most ‘sacred cows’ in Physics, Historical Sciences, Evolution, Paleontology, Archaeology, Theology, and Religion; so, I might as well take on the Woo-Woo fringe, tin foil hat crowd as well. The fact is, I am not selling anything to anybody. This book is free, and have no other agenda than the truth as I perceive it to be. So here goes…</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Throughout recorded history, and in our ancient past there are witnessed, photographed, documented or bone fragment-fossil remains from at least 23 distinctly different hominid-hominin body types. There also exist thousands of drawings, paintings, cave art, artifacts, weaving, figurines, frescoes and pottery depicting so-called ‘astronaut’ images and some form of ‘saucer like’ or other aerial or ‘flying’ craft. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Myths and legends abound from nearly all cultures around the world of ‘visitors’ that arrived ‘from the sky’ in some kind of aerial vehicle-craft, where they then proceeded to develop and teach agriculture, water management and other civilizing technologies to the locals, following which they abruptly departed in their ‘aerial’ vehicles, promising to return at some future or later date.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the 1950’s, Immanuel Velikovsky, Charles Hapgood, and others began to propose a chaotic, cataclysmic Earth, with short duration stable periods, followed by Near Extinction Level (ELE) catastrophic events which ‘wiped out’ or nearly destroyed the biological envelope of the earth. Shortly after that period, Zachariah Sitchin and Erich von Däniken grouped some of the various theories into an “Ancient Astronaut” theory.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the last several years, certain protagonists , and particularly Von Däniken’s hirsute assistant, Giorgio A. Tsoukalos have developed a collected hypothesis based on much of the above artifacts and associated myths and legends that meld the sightings, representations and artifacts depicting ‘crafts’ and ‘occupants’ into a polyglot ‘ANCIENT ALIEN’ theory. In addition, super-imposed over the “Alien” theory is an enormous umbrella ‘conspiracy theory’ that the Government “knows all about it, and is in fact “covering everything up. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What makes the ‘Ancient Alien theory so scary, is that like any faith based ‘religion’, it is predicated on a stunning lack of evidence (hard artifacts) of either hominin or craft, let alone the first shred of proof of exactly where in the Galaxy, Universe or Multi-Verse these so-called ‘Aliens’ came from. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Whatever, or whoever “They” are, like every other species on Earth, “They” are more likely rather than less likely to be part of the fabric of all carbon based life forms indigenous to this planet. It's a little audacious, and not very scientific to single out one species and assign it a potential or possible non-terrestrial origin. Because, from what we know currently, the Starchild skull and the elongated skulls are more likely, rather than less likely to share some part of their DNA with other hominids and other carbon based life forms on the planet. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">That makes it very likely “They” are FROM this planet, and not from somewhere else out there in the Galaxy or Universe. Every single piece of information associated with “Their” various body types can be explained in terms of being an Original Terrestrial life form, easier than saying “They” are from somewhere 'out there'. Please note that I never allude to the fact that 'they' might have gone out there somewhere, and then returned here to Earth (their home planet), or that some may still be “out there.” All those scenarios are possible, but not necessarily probable. Previous populations on this planet of all kinds of families of carbon based life forms have produced divergent and splendid panoply of variation in their family linage during particular short, shorter, and longer 'Epochs'. (Or periods between ‘catastrophes’).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The point was, and is....that some Earth based hominin group in one of the Epochs in the not so distant past had the capabilities of space travel. At least historical references seems to attest to that as a fact, as well as very clear reference to space travel in the Book of Enoch, The Sanskrit Epics, (Mahabharata and Ramayana) and the many other depictions of craft and occupants throughout history also attest to that fact. Because those 'testaments' exist, does not mean necessarily that either the craft or occupants are originally "FROM" out there somewhere else in the galaxy or universe. It was and is much more realistic to refer to unknown ‘Other Terrestrials’ as ‘Ancient Astronauts” than it is to call them “Aliens” or “Extraterrestrials.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“They” have significant DNA matches to other living organisms on Earth, which logically means “They” are more likely to be FROM here, than they are to be FROM somewhere ‘out there’. If there were a single piece of hard evidence of any kind, that could ONLY have come from some other environment than our Solar System and/or Earth, then I might listen to an argument that accounted for that particular piece of evidence, and then I would still argue that it is just as likely that the OT's (Other Terrestrials) traveled OUT to that location, got the artifact and then returned. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This Earth is just as likely to be their home base, with bases on the Moon, and Mars as any other scenario. The idea that 'They' had more time to evolve somewhere out there in space doesn’t meet the facts of our own growth as a civilization. Where is any proof of how long it takes a cultural group to attain space flight? We are the only example there is, (that we know about) and we went from burning people at the stake for their religious beliefs, to putting men on the Moon and then bringing them back safely is something around 250 years. It just didn't take us very long to go from making fire with a couple of sticks to listening to Peter Jennings on the Evening News. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">''Why'' any other Hominin group or culture couldn't do it is just rhetoric. It is a proven fact that it can be done, (because WE have done it,) so it is more likely, rather than less likely that BECAUSE it has been done is our recent past it most certainly could have been done in some pre-cataclysmic ancient past.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The deepest natural resource (oil exploration) core drills go down about 55,000 feet. They all demonstrate layers that have random and often alternate patterns of material. Sandstone for several feet, then slate, or limestone, then sandstone, then silicate, then sandstone, then limestone, etc. Most layers average about 14 foot deep, or geologically speaking, give, or take, about 7,000 years. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One is nearly 250 foot deep (red sandstone) representing nearly 120,000 years, though many are 2-5 feet deep. For the global surface to change from limestone (ocean bottom) to sandstone (land) requires a catastrophic event that often was probably very close to an extinction level event. A good example is the Mt. Tubo event about 74K to 76K years ago. Molecular Biologists agree that the Human Genome Pool was narrowed down to about 5,000 breeding pairs of Homo sapiens at that time. What that evidence suggests is that every hominin culture that has grown into a full civilization has done so in one of the periods between cataclysms. And like us, in a fairly short period of time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If one of those cultures obtained interstellar space flight, as we are on the edge of doing, putting contingents of the culture into space to avoid a coming catastrophic event is not only logical but almost certainly true. Once living off planet for any length of time, one to two thousand years, their morphology would change to something different (in a weightless environment), and if the catastrophic event changed the electrostatic field of earth enough that it caused super giant plant and land animals to go extinct, then the OT's probably stayed out there (Moon, Mars or other Space Base) for a very long time after the deluge. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And they probably haven't completely adjusted to the current electrostatic field density (the current construct of 'gravity') on this, their home planet.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And last, the OT's do in fact share some DNA with other carbon based life forms on Earth. We have good DNA samples from both the Starchild and the Elongated Skulls. They both share some common DNA with other hominids as well as most other life forms. Note I said some. I am not advocating they are any closer to 'Human' than they are to a sea cucumber. They share some of the same DNA. That is what makes them more likely, rather than less likely to be part of the biological fabric of this planet.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hominids are a very tiny percent of the carbon based life forms on earth. The OT's (based on the Starchild and Paracas Skulls DNA) share a significant portion of their DNA with ALL other life forms on this planet, which means it is more likely, rather than less likely that 'they' are an intrinsic part of the fabric of that biology. It is much more 'fantastical' to postulate “They” came from somewhere far-far away to Earth just to find they are a near perfect match to terrestrial DNA", than it is to recognize “They” are much more likely to be an intrinsic part of the fabric of carbon based life forms of this planet, than any other postulate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To clarify my thoughts on the machine code nature of terrestrial DNA; There are two parts to DNA. One is what used to be termed 'junk' DNA which is understood as NOT having strings of 'active' or 'functioning' code, which now are understood as possibly being the 'instruction set', that when activated, defines the 'blueprint design' of the 'replicate shell'' or body, or chromosome structure) and produces (outputs) the code as a physical form, The DNA of that body contains the 'instructions' to replicate itself in its original environment, and that is the DNA that we can copy, duplicate, 'read' and analyze. The DNA at that level is environmentally specific, and so would vary widely from one biological environment to another. (As it does here on Earth).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The master instruction set (to build or blueprint the specific chromosomes design) would be universal, but the result would be specific to a particular environment. So, if that scenario is true, I see no logical reason to assume any replicant carbon based life form (body) from any other system in the Galaxy or Universe to have any similarities at all to those from our planet. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Only by some astronomically rare set of circumstances would the two even be remotely related. The only scenario I could even imagine is if the x-planet was "exactly" like Earth in all aspects, meaning Lithosphere, Biosphere, Density, G force, etc. Any change in 'G' force, with a change in the chemistry would radically alter life forms in ways we can hardly imagine. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There is a distinct relationship between all carbon based life form's DNA on this planet, where the similarities in both design and structure as well as what appears to be identical strings of DNA suggest a direct link between humans, hominids, hominins and the entire panoply of flora and fauna, both past and present.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We share somewhere around 97% of our DNA with Chimpanzees, 94% with great apes, and well over 50% with a sea cucumber. We share less with the DNA of the Starchild. But that is for another argument. Why 'interventionists' insist of calling hominins 'extraterrestrial' when every sighting every recorded shows creatures and their craft as being 'here' (on Earth, the Moon and probably Mars) That could, or might make them 'Other Terrestrials'. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They are here as evidenced by tens of thousands of eye witnesses, tens of thousands of photographs, drawings, depictions, representations of craft and occupants. The “Other Terrestrials” or “OT’s” have 5-6 generally different body or exoskeleton shapes and sizes, they travel in craft that have 3-4 general shapes, and exhibit 3-4 specific non-gravitational characteristics including various degrees of transparency, including instantaneous visibility and invisibility. Craft also travel at incredible speeds, make right angle or reverse direction hi speed turns and appear and disappear on radar and other tracking devices instantaneously. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They reportedly have been observed in some limited form on or near the moon, but that fact does not make them any more 'extraterrestrial' than a moon rover, other than the significant similarities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To speculate on where “They” are from is as meaningless as attributing any “purpose or meaning” to their observed behavior. At best we can document and categorize what is observed. The preponderance of evidence will eventually lead to some general conclusions, the most obvious being that craft behavior suggests some form of anti-gravity control, likely to be artifacts of an electrostatic field 'envelope', (actually, Los Alamos NL Scientists know that to a degree of near certainty).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The above demonstrates that observed phenomenon of “Other Terrestrials” are in fact elements of actual dimensional craft and occupants, that they have been here as long as recorded history exists, and likely far into the pre-historic past. That, however does NOT support that “They” are “Extraterrestrial” or from somewhere else in the galaxy or universe. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Without speculation or guesswork, “They” are “Other” and/or possibly “Unknown” terrestrials. If “They” share DNA with ALL of Earth's flora and fauna, then “They” ARE from here. This is the most logical conclusion, based on the known facts. And it is the fundamental reason I don't think so called 'Aliens' ever existed 'Out There' somewhere else first. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The odds are astronomical against a biological envelope existing out there on some other planet in this or some other Galaxy, that matches exactly our environment, and THEN that environment producing a near identical body replicant of an Earth Hominid with DNA that matches ours, at least close enough to hybridize both. It is completely outside my realm of reference to even contemplate. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not only do I not think it happened, I don't even think it possible. That statement however, does NOT suggest that I do not think other Carbon Based Life Forms exist out there somewhere in the multiverse. It is highly probable and almost statistically certain that they do. Because life as we know it is based primarily on the number one and number three most prevalent atoms in the known Universe, which are Hydrogen and Oxygen. And those are, as any 6th Grade science student knows, the atoms that when combined, make up a molecule of Water. It follows that if Carbon Based Life Forms are made up primarily from Hydrogen and Oxygen (Water) and those are in the top three of the most prevalent atoms in the Universe, then it is almost a statistical certainty that those atoms have formed molecules of water throughout the universe in every imaginable or conceivable environment. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If carbon based life forms are a statistical certainty based on their universal water base nature, that does NOT mean they necessarily are composed of similar DNA strings as earth based carbon based life forms as the building blocks of their life form, nor does it mean they would necessarily have any resemblance in any way to carbon based life forms here on earth. That being said, NOTHING is impossible, but some things are closer to impossible than just being improbable. The concept of extraterrestrial hominins is about as impossible as anything that is simply improbable can be.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">John M Jensen Jr.</span></div>
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Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-47073395831423344972015-01-30T12:35:00.000-08:002015-01-31T07:54:50.302-08:00800' Inundation of the Giza Plateau 12,800 Years Ago.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-74265189244797448492015-01-04T19:27:00.000-08:002015-01-04T19:27:19.105-08:00<b style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dolmens Around the World </b><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(A section from the chapter "Dinosaurs in the Historical Record" from my upcoming book "Earth Epochs".</span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Every photo in this section is copied from Wikipedia or Wikimedia Commons and is in the public domain and used with permission.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Now that we have established a reasonable amount of evidence to support the fact that some mid range dinosaurs including T-Rex, and flyers like Pteranodon survived at least up into the early to mid-late Holocene in various places in the world, lets take another look at dolmens around the world as potential 'safe-rooms' that may have been used as a defensive measure against some very aggressive carnivorous predators.</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3Xc3-wzXod4/VKnM_BIcgSI/AAAAAAAASVQ/UztE7Jsq-ao/s1600/002T-Rex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3Xc3-wzXod4/VKnM_BIcgSI/AAAAAAAASVQ/UztE7Jsq-ao/s1600/002T-Rex.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material.</span><br /><br /><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dolmens, in certain locations around the world are a lot more plentiful than any other megalithic structure. They are seen in European megalithic cultures densely clustered along the east coast of the Atlantic. Western European dolmens and megalithic culture are centered around France, extending to Portugal and Spain on the south, and to the British Isles on the west. They are found in Corsica, Sardinia, Provence (southern France), the southeastern peninsula of Italy, Algeria (northern Africa), and Syria (eastern Mediterranean). Along the Black sea, dolmens are densely clustered in Caucasia, Russia. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In Asia, dolmens are mostly found around the Indo-Pacific region, including India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Japan, and Korea. In South Korea, for example, there are more than 35,000 dolmens, about 40% of all the known dolmens in the world. In Northeast Asia, dolmens are clustered in the Korean Peninsula, northwestern Kyushu (Japan), and Zhejiang and Liaoning Provinces (China). In China, about 50 dolmens are found in Zhejiang Province and about 700 dolmens in Liaoning Province. In Japan, about 600 dolmens are clustered in Kyushu, near the Korean Peninsula, including Nagasaki, Saga, and Fukuoka. </span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are scattered stone burrows in New England that are not classic dolmens, though they may have served the same purpose. There is one dolmen in Brazil, but other than that, it is generally not known in the Americas in the same configuration as discussed in this chapter for Europe and Asia.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It remains unclear when, why, and by whom the earliest dolmens were made. The oldest known dolmens are in Western Europe, where they were set in place around 7000 years ago. The oldest dolmens in the Far East are also dated to about the same time. Archaeologists still do not know who erected these dolmens, which makes it difficult to know why they did it. They are generally all regarded as tombs or burial chambers, despite the absence of clear evidence for this. Human remains, sometimes accompanied by artifacts, have been found in or close to the dolmens which could be scientifically dated. However, it has been impossible to prove that these archaeological remains date from the time when the stones were originally set in place.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are four general styles, although each style provide many different and varied characteristics, probably based on local custom and design, as well defensive needs.</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-H88iaMFkTlc/VKnE34iGWkI/AAAAAAAASTA/ibStpfbZgtc/s1600/00Adolmen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-H88iaMFkTlc/VKnE34iGWkI/AAAAAAAASTA/ibStpfbZgtc/s1600/00Adolmen.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br />The above four photos are licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The following photos of dolmens from around the world have similar characteristics that might point to particular type use as security and defense against different type predators. The one common characteristic on all four types is the very large and very heavy cover or table top roof. Almost always the stone is a single slab, or in the case of long burrows, several very heavy stone slabs. If form follows function, the slab stone 'roof' top indicates predator attacks are from the top down. </span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Y7uOGe7VC1w/VKnPi3QPfiI/AAAAAAAASVc/m28g1tgKd-s/s1600/00Adolmen37.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Y7uOGe7VC1w/VKnPi3QPfiI/AAAAAAAASVc/m28g1tgKd-s/s1600/00Adolmen37.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This dolmen is among a group that are near the Zhane River in the Caucasus. It has a secret entrance in the rear and a false facade in the front.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The slab setting on stone posts or menhirs do not seem to have much protection from a ground attack, so the natural instinct is to assume the predator in that instance is a very large flyer that couldn't or didn't 'land' to attack, but caught its victims 'on the fly'. When the flyers were seen, everyone scurried to the nearest shelter until the predators passed.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x7EHueMYeyY/VKnE6qa78MI/AAAAAAAASTo/gTp-maw5a1k/s1600/00Adolmen6-SothKorea.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x7EHueMYeyY/VKnE6qa78MI/AAAAAAAASTo/gTp-maw5a1k/s1600/00Adolmen6-SothKorea.JPG" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. It was taken by Steve46814 in 2006</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This dolmen is one of the many on the South Korean Peninsula. To survive upright after several thousand years is a testament to how well built and balanced this particular dolmen is. This is a northern style dolmen from Chukrimri, Gochang, Jeolla-bukdo, South Korea</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. It was taken by Steve46814 in 2006</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The above is one of the dolmens at the Gochang Jungnim-ri Dolmens that are centered in Maesan village, Gochang County, North Jeolla province in South Korea. This dolmen seems to serve a completely different purpose than the one above it. This one appears as a defense from a large ground predator, probably with a large neck and head that could not enter the small opening, and was not strong enough to move the oversized slab rock top.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ebeya-DQcPo/VKnE7cdE4RI/AAAAAAAAST4/vzBOC-XqbFQ/s1600/00Adolmen6b-SothKorea.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ebeya-DQcPo/VKnE7cdE4RI/AAAAAAAAST4/vzBOC-XqbFQ/s1600/00Adolmen6b-SothKorea.JPG" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. It was taken by Steve46814 in Sept, 2009 </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is one of the dolmens at the Gochang Jungnim-ri Dolmens that are centered in Maesan village, Gochang County, North Jeolla province in North Korea. Here again, the top slab seems to be a protective mechanism against an attack from above. The predator could not get its probably long neck and large head down far enough to attack under the slab. The sheer weight of the top slab, and the effort required to place and balance it precisely on top of its stone legs is at the least a difficult task. The weight of the slab displays in mute detail the strength of the attacker.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lD50ssBm_4U/VKnE77-w1_I/AAAAAAAASUA/J40ZTXJa5Ac/s1600/00Adolmen6c-SothKorea.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lD50ssBm_4U/VKnE77-w1_I/AAAAAAAASUA/J40ZTXJa5Ac/s1600/00Adolmen6c-SothKorea.JPG" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. It was taken by Kussy in Sept, 2006 </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A distant view of Gochang dolmen of South Korea at the world heritage site. In the foreground left is the 3rd block of the Gochang dolmen site. In Chukrimri, Gochang, Jeolla-bukdo, South Korea. Like the above two dolmens, this field of broken dolmens have the same heavy top slab on short stone supports, suggesting they are used for relatively the same purpose, that is protection from very large long neck, big headed predators. This being a field group of dolmens, as so many are in this area, suggests a larger than single family population base requiring many more 'safe' rooms when big predators were in the area.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It might be relative at this time to have a discussion about 'form' following 'function' regarding these dolmens. It is almost impossible to imagine any funerary use for these type of stone structures, as has been claimed by other researchers. Most of the stone slab tops are way to heavy to be moved in place for any other than a utilitarian purpose. Primitive people, more so than their modern day counterparts, had little if any 'extra' time, energy and cost resource to construct these 5,000 to 15,000 pound structures, without the dolmens having an utility imperative purpose. Conclusions to that purpose will be discussed at the end of this section.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NmcqrEJUuF4/VKnE7_s3x2I/AAAAAAAASUg/UWCaK8UG09Q/s1600/00Adolmen6d-SothKorea.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NmcqrEJUuF4/VKnE7_s3x2I/AAAAAAAASUg/UWCaK8UG09Q/s1600/00Adolmen6d-SothKorea.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. It was taken by Jtm71 in Dec, 2007</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dolmens in Osang-ri, Ganghwa Island, South Korea. The above field, like the photo above it, is representative of a larger population that needed relatively the same protection as other folks in the area. Suggesting of course that the population of predators was quite high in this area of South Korea.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. It was taken by Hairwizard91 in Nov, 2006 </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A standard table top dolmen in South Korea. The top is so heavy, that over time the side walls, though buried quite deep have over time begin to lean with the top rock weight. This, as most of the dolmens on the South Korean peninsula has a questionable erection timescale, with some experts attributing the overall build period to start sometime right after 7,000 years ago.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The following photos of 'open' table top design from around the world are posted without further comment, with the exception of their location and license details. Please review them under the perspective of a utilitarian purpose as a defense against (more than likely) dinosaur predators.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LJiWBhULLqA/VKnE6I2xWHI/AAAAAAAASTc/2R2ilO4ab1g/s1600/00Adolmen3-Netherlands.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LJiWBhULLqA/VKnE6I2xWHI/AAAAAAAASTc/2R2ilO4ab1g/s1600/00Adolmen3-Netherlands.JPG" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Hagbølle, Denmark. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by Praeceptor Sept. 2011</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xOuchyJwuM8/VKnE4EFNykI/AAAAAAAASTE/THpMfmFz0xE/s1600/00Adolmen104.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xOuchyJwuM8/VKnE4EFNykI/AAAAAAAASTE/THpMfmFz0xE/s1600/00Adolmen104.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by Myrabellar April. 2010</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Crucuno dolmen, in Plouharnel (Morbihan, Brittany, France). It has a 40 ton cap stone on the top. It is dated 6,000 YBP. This was originally located in the 19th century by reading engravings of a very long passage. This information is noted in a sign posted at the site itself.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QuQAq7WOIus/VKnE8MlLtZI/AAAAAAAASUE/tF_nu6CvGZQ/s1600/00Adolmen8-India.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QuQAq7WOIus/VKnE8MlLtZI/AAAAAAAASUE/tF_nu6CvGZQ/s1600/00Adolmen8-India.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by Spshreehari Dec, 2013</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sulimalthe, Somwarpet, India </span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aOZe_zQ7dY0/VKnE43brXWI/AAAAAAAASTU/4gD0GIf-HBA/s1600/00Adolmen20-The%2BKilclooney%2BDolmen%2Bnear%2BArdara%2C%2BCounty%2BDonegal%2C%2BRepublic%2Bof%2BIreland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aOZe_zQ7dY0/VKnE43brXWI/AAAAAAAASTU/4gD0GIf-HBA/s1600/00Adolmen20-The%2BKilclooney%2BDolmen%2Bnear%2BArdara%2C%2BCounty%2BDonegal%2C%2BRepublic%2Bof%2BIreland.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by RX-Guru June, 1986</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Kilclooney Dolmen near Ardara, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, pictured on a sunny evening in June 1986.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FPXLl8gMHFs/VKnE55ykbDI/AAAAAAAASTk/f6rMkooQ5ng/s1600/00Adolmen22A-Ireland.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FPXLl8gMHFs/VKnE55ykbDI/AAAAAAAASTk/f6rMkooQ5ng/s1600/00Adolmen22A-Ireland.JPG" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo file is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by Serinde May, 2005 </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is no data available on this Burren dolmen.</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BzJaYxthAds/VKnE2r6ogzI/AAAAAAAASSo/kTizDYTXg5s/s1600/00ASardinia%2CItaly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BzJaYxthAds/VKnE2r6ogzI/AAAAAAAASSo/kTizDYTXg5s/s1600/00ASardinia%2CItaly.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by zagordemores May, 2005 </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mores, Sardegna, Italia</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The following dolmens are from the Russian Caucasus. The first is the only surviving megalith or single stone chamber carved out of the interior of the stone. Photo is from a Russian Stamp commemorating the Sochi Winter Games.</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-by5SrdO9u8M/VKnXXrZs47I/AAAAAAAASVs/y8dmXEuwmqg/s1600/00Adolmen65A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-by5SrdO9u8M/VKnXXrZs47I/AAAAAAAASVs/y8dmXEuwmqg/s1600/00Adolmen65A.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This reproduction of a Russian Stamp is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by Andrew Krizhanovsky April, 2012</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lXWvujrlNC8/VKniXYVr4KI/AAAAAAAASWI/O-g3utjiuos/s1600/00Adolmen32A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lXWvujrlNC8/VKniXYVr4KI/AAAAAAAASWI/O-g3utjiuos/s1600/00Adolmen32A.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by Ch_cat March, 2003</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gI0BorL2L-Y/VKnE40Yro4I/AAAAAAAASTQ/Puitl1o6wDc/s1600/00Adolmen22-Ireland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gI0BorL2L-Y/VKnE40Yro4I/AAAAAAAASTQ/Puitl1o6wDc/s1600/00Adolmen22-Ireland.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material.</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FAYNEWNAOBs/VKnY-txfFJI/AAAAAAAASV4/m42NJSPEUJQ/s1600/00Adolmen8b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FAYNEWNAOBs/VKnY-txfFJI/AAAAAAAASV4/m42NJSPEUJQ/s1600/00Adolmen8b.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. Photo by Unwrecker June, 2005</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gelendzhiksky district, Russia</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3ekBt4XrdZs/VKnE3ca1JiI/AAAAAAAASS0/9XZ5QDh2o7Q/s1600/00Adol2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3ekBt4XrdZs/VKnE3ca1JiI/AAAAAAAASS0/9XZ5QDh2o7Q/s1600/00Adol2.gif" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is the largest single table top dolmen that I have found. I believe it is in France. Its local location is not available. The work effort to create this megalithic structure is quite extensive. The side walls must be buried deep to retain its shape when so many other buildings have succumbed to earthquakes over the same period of history. The seven wonders of the world have nearly all came and gone, while these megalithic small building retain their shape and structure. This structure must have supported a village or larger population, as it appears to be within the magnitude of 24'x12', or about 360 sq ft. On a short term basis, it would comfortably hold 40-70 women, children, the old, sick and probably the infirm or wounded.</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--_X15eqtinM/VKnE2ululcI/AAAAAAAASSk/wRupIlVa9a0/s1600/00ADolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--_X15eqtinM/VKnE2ululcI/AAAAAAAASSk/wRupIlVa9a0/s1600/00ADolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_2.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This dolmen is also in the Caucasus, Russia. Like the photo above it is another of the 'larger' structures. Built of single monolithic slabs, this dolmen is one of the strongest and best suited defensive 'safe rooms' in the area. It appears to be somewhere in the range of 25' long and about 10' wide. The entry hole is about the same size as all the dolmen holes in this area, or about 20" in diameter. Many of the hundreds of dolmens in this area have 'plugs' that fit the hole opening, so we know they were meant to be closed up. The design is interesting, because the plugs could not be 'pushed in' but could be 'kicked out' from the inside. I am very interested in the depth the side walls are buried in the earth.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One other feature that is nearly universal for this style dolmen is the 'overhang' and protruding side walls around the entry hole. In and of itself, that feature seems to meet a universal security need, like protecting the opening (set back) from a large headed, long neck predator. Almost every dolmen in the world has this basic feature.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Conclusion</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If you are interested in further data and information on the more than 130,000 dolmens around the world, please review Wikipedia as a good start. The only problem is that on the Wiki sites, too many unknowns are stipulated as 'facts'. For example, dolmens are universally accepted in Academia as 'graves or 'cairns'. While some may be, those are generally taken over and used as tombs and cairns long after the primary reason for the dolmen's original construction had passed into history.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The best information we have at the current time, which is a composite of various archaeological digs around the world, is that the dolmens were built shortly after 7,000 years ago. Some are speculated to be newer, and some folks attribute wildly eccentric dates to them. The fact is that no one knows anything about them at all. And all speculation about them is pure guess work. By their primary design, they are NOT tombs, cairns or primary funerary locations. We as a species have been burying people for about as long as we go back in history. It has always been a utilitarian process, with the exception of a few Kings and Pharaohs. The dead are almost always buried "under" the ground, or deep in the rocks as in the case of the Pharaohs. During a Hunter-Gatherer phase like that represented by the dolmen builders, it is logical to assign relative value to the effort necessary to set up very large flat rock or table top rock "rooms". Which means that the tribal group did not have the time nor resources to construct megalithic 'rooms' with very large stone table top construction unless the process had a primary survival imperative.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Now that we have established in earlier sections of this chapter that dinosaurs DID live along side hominids between the early and mid to late Holocene, the logical conclusion as to the purpose and function of 'safe rooms' was to protect the vulnerable (women and children) from large and probably ferocious carnivorous predators. </span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1boAzWyTEec/VKnE2ViCwSI/AAAAAAAASSg/EER6CEbMJa8/s1600/00ATRex1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1boAzWyTEec/VKnE2ViCwSI/AAAAAAAASSg/EER6CEbMJa8/s1600/00ATRex1.JPG" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This photo is licensed under the Wikimedia "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported" license. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I think a reasonable conclusion can be drawn from the fact that the dolmens may be contemporary to the Last Great Cataclysm. As I make the case for a very large global population (above 4 billion) before the Last Great Cataclysm, 7,000 years ago, one of the recognizable features of that civilization is that it had a significantly high level of technology, at least enough to build some of the most elaborate canal systems on earth. Which means they had some kind of defense-weapon systems that kept the largest predators at bay. Much like the case of current Kodiak grizzly bears. If you go hunting Kodiak Browns with a switch, you are likely to be bear snacks. But if you have a .45 LR Pistol and interchangeable .45 LR Carbine Rifle, you are probably going to have at least an equal chance up against a mad or hngry Mamma Bear. Large Dinosaur predators were probably on par with a grizzly in terms of ferocity. Although larger than a very large grizzly, some predator dinosaurs would make short work of a small to medium sized human that did not have overwhelming defensive or destructive firepower.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Some issues and characteristics attributed to dolmens, such as piled high earthen mounds around the dolmens don't seem to fit the archaeological facts. If earthen walls or stone and dirt were part of the original construction, some of the residue of that building style would still be evident in the surrounding areas of the building site. While many of the sites have scattered cut stone laying around, there is no clear evidence those stones were part of a mound or burrow system. They could and probably were part of the local buildings surrounding the dolmen. Many of the sites show this to be true, where local buildings and a plaza area in front of the dolmen show its central nature to the community.The dolmen(s) would be close, and probably in the center of the housing complex. A person as potential prey would not want to have to run very far when the predator shows up. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It makes logical sense to me, that a survivor population following the Last Great Cataclysm, 7,000 years ago would have lost most or all of its technology within a few generations, probably not more than 4 or 5, or certainly within 150 years of the event. Survival at that time was a day to day enterprise, and as soon as any predators began to hunt and kill the survivors, the local tribal leader's immediate reaction would be to build some sort of impregnable 'safe room' that was not vulnerable to predator attack. The characteristics of the dolmens around the world fit that set of circumstances better than any other scenario. </span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>John M Jensen Jr</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">johnmjensenjr@gmail.com</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://ancientcanalbuilders.com</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://EarthEpochs.Blogspot.com</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://earthepoch.com</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://govst.academia.edu/JohnJensen/ </span>
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<b><span style="color: #632423; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Earth’s Axis Tilt, Global Catastrophe, Breach of Gibraltar Strait and a
Global Calendar Change -3,450 Years Ago</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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–from John Jensen Dec 17<sup>th</sup>,
2014</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In this paper, I quote the Egyptian
texts that were reported by Herodotus, hieroglyphic manuscripts
translated by Fernand Crombette </span></i><i><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">as well as the Old Testament </span></i><i><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">as three of the known historical reports of the
chronology of the events discussed in this paper. I also point to a
“regression analyses” of the widening of the Strait of Gibraltar that
indicates a breach likely occurred concurrent to the other events described
in this paper. The addition of 5 days to the then 360 day calendar
(worldwide) is well established, and is reviewed here as confirmation of the
actual catastrophe and one of its consequences. </span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Introduction<br />
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">About -3,450 years ago, a regional to global catastrophe occurred that
included a partial tilt of the Earth’s axis causing a change in the Earth’s
perpendicular axis of spin to an axial tilt of 23.5 degrees. Most of the
evidence in this paper which supports that statement is centered on the
Atlantic rim, although the data will also include historical references to
the same event from around the globe. In certain areas and regions of the Earth,
the event is referred to as “the long day”, particularly in the Eastern
Mediterranean; while in other regions it is called “the long evening”, “the
long night”, etc. as would be expected of a partial tilt of the Earth on its
axis. For clarity, in this chapter, we will refer to the event as the “Axis
Tilt Event”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The most well-known description of the Event comes from biblical
records, particularly Joshua which describe in some detail the fall of the
Walls of Jericho, (a sizeable earthquake) and the Sun “standing still in its
path” (a tilting of the Earth’s Axis of rotation).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The other major effects of the event include the breach of the Strait
of Gibraltar, the eruption of Santorini and the flooding of several
non-natural harbors as well as tsunami deposits around the Atlantic Rim. I
will present the evidence for the Axis Tilt first, and then present the
“Regression Analysis” of the Gibraltar Strait breach, followed by a review of
the (global) calendar change that occurred across all advanced cultures. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="color: #365f91; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">This image is from Wikimedia
Commons and is used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and
‘fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this information being
research and education material.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">The Axis Tilt Event around the World.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In regard to the many other
anomalies that occurred around the Atlantic rim, covered in other sections of
this chapter, which define the event as an Axis Tilt and ensuing catastrophe,
it is essential to ask whether or not the event was restricted just to the
Atlantic Rim and/or Joshua’s Canaan, or whether it was global in
scope. Certainly an “extended day or night” event would generate
considerable concern among all peoples of the world, or at least the affected
areas, provided it was a global event. Are there accounts of a long day, a
long evening or even a long night extended though out the world? The
fact is we can find stories of a long evening, a long night as well as a long
day. We can even find tales where the sun hung near the horizon for a long
time. All the accounts taken together allow us to ascertain that the
anomaly was an actual event, and it occurred on a global basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some of the world’s recitations of
the extended period of the Axis Tilt are vague and unspecific while others
are very clear. Many of the former are those which relate only that the
people had knowledge of the concept that the sun, moon, and stars can reverse
their motions. An example of one of these is the account referred to by
Augustine in The City of God where he quotes the Æneid about a
witch who:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #073763;">...can reverse
the wheeling of the planets, halt rivers in their flowing.</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">The Axis Tilt Event in Africa
(Egypt)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Greek historian Herodotus wrote
that when he visited Egypt, the priests there showed him an ancient
manuscript which told the story of a day which lasted about twice as long as
a normal day. At the time in question, the Egyptians had water clocks so
that they could accurately measure the duration of the day, not being
dependent on the motion of the sun, moon, and stars, as would other peoples
around the world. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For the Egyptian account, the
French classical scholar, Fernand Crombette, translated some Egyptian
hieroglyphics which tell of the Axis Tilt Event. The text starts out
with an edict from the king to exempt from taxation those who had been
victims of a flood some two weeks earlier. Evidently the flood had been
caused by an unusually high tide. The cause, according to the Egyptian
hieroglyphics, was:</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The sun, thrown into confusion,
had remained low on the horizon, and by not rising had spread terror amongst
the great doctors. Two days had been rolled into one. The morning was
lengthened to one-and-a-half times the normal period of effective
daylight. A certain time after this divine phenomenon, the master had an
image built to keep further misfortune from the country.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Hephaistos...grant protection to
your worshipers. Prevent the words of these foreign travelers from
having any effect. They are impostors. Let these enemies of the
sacrifices to the images be destroyed in the temples of the great gods by the
people of all classes. Make life harder for these cursed worshipers of
the Eternal. Punish them. Increase the hardships of these
shepherds. Reduce the size of their herds. Burn their dwellings.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rameses, our celestial ancestral
chief; you who forced these wretched people to work, who ill-treated them,
who gave them no help when they were in need: cast them into the sea. They
made the moon stop in a small angle at the edge of the horizon. In a
small angle on the edge of the horizon, the sun itself, which had just risen
at the spot where the moon was going, instead of crossing the sky stayed
where it was. Whilst the moon, following a narrow path, reduced its
speed and climbed slowly, the sun stopped moving and its intensity of light
was reduced to the brightness at daybreak. The waves formed a wall of
water against the boats that were in the harbor and those that had left
it. Those fishermen that had ventured onto the deck to watch the waves
were washed into the sea.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The tide, which had risen high,
overflowed into the plains where the herds were grazing. The cattle
drowned represented half the herds of Lower Egypt. The remains of
abandoned boats broken against the sides of the canals were piled up in
places. Their anchors, which should have protected them, had been ground
into them. Quite out of control, the sea had penetrated deep into the
country. The expanding waters reached the fortified walls constructed by
Rameses, the celestial ancestral chief. The sea swept around both sides
of the region behind, sterilizing the gar dens as it went and causing
openings in the dikes. A great country had been turned into a wilderness
and brought into poverty. All the crops that had been planted had been
destroyed and heaps of cereal shoots lay scattered on the ground.</span></span></i><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Crombette account is
significant for a number of reasons. Crombette’s interpretation that the
moon was going to the spot where the sun had risen is explained by having the
moon continue its orbital motion and its being located west of the sun,
perhaps near last quarter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whether or not the tides mentioned
in translation were really tides or a storm swell cannot be categorically
ascertained. It is possible that the tidal bulge kept moving, but it is
unlikely that the narrows of the Nile delta and the narrowness of the canals
mentioned caused a bore wave, because that should always have been the case
under normal tidal conditions. It is possible, though unlikely, that the
breakup for the tidal bulge may have caused waves which interfered with each
other and that Egypt’s dikes might have broken at one or two points by
constructive interference, thus the resulting flooding. But it seems
more likely that the events mentioned in Egypt were the result of a severe
storm swell in the Mediterranean caused by the breaching of the Strait of
Gibraltar.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And it came to pass, as they fled from before
Israel, and were in the going down to Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down
great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: they were more
which died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with
the sword.</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For comparison with the Egyptian
account, and complementing it, there is a West African story of a long
night. In that account, the night lasted way too long because the owl
over slept and did not awaken the sun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">The Chinese Account of the Axial
Tilt Event<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Another source depicting the event
is based on what seems to be a recently lost ancient Chinese manuscript. In
1810 Gill presents the account:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the Chinese history it is
reported, that in the time of their seventh emperor, Yao, the sun did not set
for ten days, and that men were afraid the world would be burnt, and there
were great fires at that time; and though the time of the sun’s standing
still were enlarged beyond the bounds of truth, yet it seems to refer to this
fact, and was manifestly about the same time; for this miracle was wrought in
the year of the world 2554, which fell in the 75th, or, as some say, the
67th year of that emperor’s reign, who reigned 90 years.</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now the year of the world 2554 is
identical to Bouw’s independently derived biblical chronology for the date of
Joshua’s “Sun standing Still”.<sup> </sup> Incidentally, note that a
90-year reign (not Yao’s age) is thoroughly consistent with the 110 to 120
year ages achieved by Moses, Aaron, and Joshua who would have been
contemporaries of Yao. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Event in
North America</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tales relating to the event abound
in North America. Almost all of the tales in North America tell of a long
night. Olcott<sup> </sup>has collected five of particular interest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Ojibway’s
tell of a long night without any light.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Wyandot Indians told missionary Paul Le Jeune of a long night.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Dogrib Indians of the North-West tell of a day when the sun was caught
at noon and it instantly became dark.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Omaha’s
say that once the sun was caught in a trap by a rabbit that checked his
traps at the break of dawn, presumably before sunrise. ,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Bungee Indians from the Lake Winnipeg area of Canada also tell of a long
night.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The preponderance of long night
tales in the Americas would rule out the theory that Joshua’s long day was a
miracle which was local to Canaan. It also rules out the speculation that the
story migrated around the world, for then it would everywhere be a long day
(or a long night), but not a mixture of long days and long nights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, there are several
large canal systems in Florida that appear to be quite old, deteriorating
back into the landscape. The system at North Key Largo is a very good
example.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b><br />North Key
Largo</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HEJODqP6sjo/VJIoccpiwRI/AAAAAAAASLc/aa3Rr-OswOM/s1600/NKeyLargo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HEJODqP6sjo/VJIoccpiwRI/AAAAAAAASLc/aa3Rr-OswOM/s1600/NKeyLargo.png" height="462" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Above image-photo
is a composite of Satellite Imagery and Google Earth of the North Key Largo
complex, and is used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and
'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this information being
research and education material. The coordinates in Google Earth are:
25°13'22.54"N, 80°20'23.09"W. Set 'Historical Imagery' to
11/12/2007</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><a href="http://ancientcanalbuilders.com/florida/3/index.html"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">View a live Google Earth image
here</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This site is a series of inlet
canals that are grown over and silted in, eroding back into the landscape.
The center canal is one of the largest (if older) ones found to date. It is
about 2,700’ long to the end of the ‘silted in’ paddle head. The original
width is about 350’ and the newer section is about 170’ wide. The old section
of the south canal is about 445’ wide, and the newer section is about 220’
wide, the north canal is about 85’ wide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The curved S sections connecting
the canals are completely silted in and grown over. To the right, an unused,
unconnected cut canal goes out to open water. There is substantial berm
around the open water cut canal, indicating it was built with some technology
that deposited berm debris on the canal shoulder, or when the tidal shelf was
above water. Of significance is the moat canal surrounding this complex. All
indications are that this is one of the older shore based complex systems
found to date. Berm soil samples need to be taken here for a relatively
accurate C-14 dating sample.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-048097YSbV0/VJIoi1qqwcI/AAAAAAAASLk/qNIxXpFS604/s1600/N.%2BKey%2BLargo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-048097YSbV0/VJIoi1qqwcI/AAAAAAAASLk/qNIxXpFS604/s1600/N.%2BKey%2BLargo.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Above image-photo
is a composite of Satellite Imagery and Google Earth of the North Key Largo
complex, and is used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and
'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this information being
research and education material. The coordinates in Google Earth are:
25°13'22.54"N, 80°20'23.09"W. Set 'Historical Imagery' to
11/12/2007</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><a href="http://ancientcanalbuilders.com/florida/3/index.html"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">View a live Google Earth image
here</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This complex appears to have two
building and use periods, one that is less structured and has the appearance
of being built on top of the old system. The original berm on this center
canal includes the large rectangle paddle head. The second berm seems to have
been cut out of the silted over section. It is not possible in this preview,
to do justice to the many features of this complex, and much field work is
required to make serious statements of potential purpose and function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First impression is that this
complex is relatively the same age as the Matamoros, Mexico canal, and
coincides with the breach of the Strait of Gibraltar at -3,450 YBP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Event in
the Central and South Americas</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Turning to the south, we find that
Central and South America similarly experienced a long night. In
the <i>Annals of Chauhtitlan</i>, the Mexican Indians tell of a long
night. The Aztecs wrote of an extended period of time when the sun
did not rise. According to their legend, there had been no sun for
many years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">... So a conclave of the gods was
called in Teotihuacan, and there it was decided that one of them should offer
himself as a sacrifice that once again the world might have a sun ... The
sacrificed gods had disappeared in the brazier’s flames, but as there was no
sign of the sun, the remaining wonder when it would first appear. At long
last, the sun burst forth ... But the sun, despite his brilliant light, did
not move; he hung on the edge of the sky, apparently unwilling to begin his
appointed task.</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Likewise, in their national book
the <i>Popol Vuh,</i> (which translates into “Book of the
Princes,”) the Quiché Mayas of Guatemala wrote about the people’s reaction to
a long night with these words:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">They did not sleep; they remained
standing and great was the anxiety of their hearts and their stomachs for the
coming of the dawn and the day ... “Oh, ... if we only could see the rising
of the sun! What shall we do now?” ... They talked, but they could
not calm their hearts which were anxious for the coming of the dawn.</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Besides the accounts of a long
night in North and Central America, there is also at least one story of a
long night in Peru. According to Montesinos, the collector of the tale, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;">
<i><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">…the sun was hidden for nearly 20
hours in the third year of the reign of Titu Yupanqui Pachacuti II because of
sin in the land…<sup>”</sup> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Titu Yupanqui Pachacuti II ruled
about -3,400 YBP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Matamorus,
Mexico Tsunami Debris Field</span></b><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition to the above, there is a
very large shore side tsunami debris field that covers the ocean entry side
of the 26 mile long Matamoros, Mexico canal. The shore side debris field is
estimated to be 12’ to 18’ in depth, just over a mile inland, with continuing
debris wash and upheaval for an additional 5.5 miles inland<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This canal, about 20 miles south of
the Rio Grande, in a straight line from Matamoros, which faces the Mexico-US
border, is about 26 miles long to the ocean exit. It has a split (circular)
feature at its head (enclosing the old city center), suggesting fresh water
delivery to the city’s inhabitants, agricultural irrigation, aquatic farming,
small craft commercial use, and probably a defense-security mechanism. It is
about 40' in width between two high berm banks, and expected to be about 5'
to 9' deep. It appears to have been machine cut, and is an exact straight
line along its 26 mile length between the city center and the ocean edge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6XS9xH6yCGU/VJIopSJpdrI/AAAAAAAASLs/GbbQAysGJYE/s1600/Matamorus5.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6XS9xH6yCGU/VJIopSJpdrI/AAAAAAAASLs/GbbQAysGJYE/s1600/Matamorus5.PNG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">The above image-photo
is a continuation of the composite of Satellite Imagery and Google Earth of
the Matamoros, Mexico canal system, and is used with permission and/or used
under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content
of this information being research and education material. The coordinates in
Google Earth are: 25°38'48.27"N, 97°14'35.82"W. Set 'Historical
Imagery' to 11/18/2008</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://ancientcanalbuilders.com/mexico/1/index.html"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">View a live Google Earth image
here</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If the canal's total length is 26
miles, at an average width of 40' and a depth of 9', original construction
would have removed about 210,000 cubic yards of material per mile, or about
5.5 million cubic yards. At a cost of $8 per cubic yard, it would cost about
$43.5 MILLION in today's dollars to complete the entire project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This nearly 1,000' south breakwater
wall appears to be significantly eroded. Toward shore, the breakwater wall is
degraded to the point of being split into two sections, and the original canal
has completely disappeared for about a mile under sand and other build up, of
what appears to be a tsunami debris field. During our recent or modern
history there has not been a tsunami large enough on the gulf coast to leave
a tsunami debris field 1.5 miles inside the shoreline. That is exactly what
is represented here. I would highly recommend that C-14 dating be performed
on the tsunami debris field covering the entrance to this canal. I would be
shocked if it did not represent a date of roughly -3,450 YBP to support the
date when a major Atlantic category 3 catastrophe occurred.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is not known whether the north
breakwater wall was originally longer than its current degraded length. From a
design engineering standpoint, it may not have been longer due to the fact
that the south breakwater wall is angled toward the northeast, suggesting the
prevailing winds and tidal-storm surge were predominately from the
south-southeast, and that breakwater angle would clearly protect the
canal-channel entrance, and reducing the need for an extended northern
breakwater wall. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lndav3aRGQg/VJIotmWFTYI/AAAAAAAASL0/9LJhUG0blEQ/s1600/mata3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lndav3aRGQg/VJIotmWFTYI/AAAAAAAASL0/9LJhUG0blEQ/s1600/mata3.png" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This canal is a major anomaly,
because it is so close to the Brownsville 'canal', and because it seems to
have served some light craft, commercial or industrial purpose at one point,
and is completely eroded at the ocean side portion, which is covered by what
appears to be a large tsunami debris field. At first review, the tsunami
debris field completely covers the ocean inlet side of the canal for about 7,500’
inland at an estimated debris field depth of between 5-6 meters. Which
suggests a very large tsunami struck this area of the Atlantic Coast. The
debris field can be clearly identified. This canal appears to be very much
like Florida's East Coast inland canals, particularly the North Key Largo
complex.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A significant issue that points to
the fact this system is NOT part of the -7K YBP event, is that the subsequent
Ocean Level Rise of just over 5’ would, in all probability mean that the
breakwater wall would have to be quite a bit further out on the Continental shelf
to be effective. A 5’ decrease in ocean level at this location would mean the
beach line would be several hundred feet from the current shore line. In
effect, ensuring the canal and breakwater were built sometime after ocean
levels had stabilized about -5,500 years ago. And the catastrophe happened
sometime after the breakwaters were built. The Axis Tilt catastrophe date of
-3,450 fits those facts better than any other scenario.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Long
Sunset</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is a story of a long sunset
in the Fiji Islands. J. G. Frazer tells of a tradition on the
island of Lakomba in the eastern Fiji Islands where there is a hillside with
a patch of weeds on it. The story goes that natives will tie the
weeds together in order to keep the sun from going down. It is
said that the sun did, indeed, stop from setting at one time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Although there are several other
traditions of stopping the sun, most are remotely, if at all, connected to the
Axis Tilt Event In Australia, for example, if a native wanted to stop
the sun he would place a piece of sod in the fork of a
tree. Similar traditions exist in Africa and in Central
America. A tradition of that nature in Japan meant nothing more
than the belief that a man’s friends would wait dinner for him if he was
going to arrive home late. Still, underlying all but the last of
these traditions is the idea that the sun can, and by implication, did stop
at least once upon a time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
Extra-Long Night</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A handful of long day and long
night tales do not seem to fit. The Hawaiian tale of Maui’s
capture of the sun is one, for it implies an arrest of the sun at
sunrise. It is similar to the myths from other Polynesian Islands
peoples, and those similarities serve to tie it to Peru’s Hezekiah’s sign
accounts, not Joshua’s long day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Three peoples have a tale of a
night which lasted several months: the Japanese, an ancient tribe in
Lithuania, and the Cherokee Indians of North America. The Cherokee
and Japanese tales are virtually identical and seem to stem from the same
source. Both have the sun hiding in a cave for a long time and
being tricked out of the cave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The account from Lithuania was
collected by Jerome of Prague when he visited the “heathen” of the area in
the early 15<sup>th</sup> century. There he discovered a
tribe which had migrated from the east and which also told tales of a night
lasting several months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are two possible reasons for
these accounts. All could be related to the Japanese account and
could reflect either a volcanic eruption which darkened the sky over Japan
and Siberia for months on end or else, it could be a tale of the long Arctic
night, almost six months long at the pole. A two-month night is
experienced about the latitude of Point Barrow, Alaska. Perhaps
the accounts relate to these natural events. In any case, they
stand in stark contrast with the other long day and long night tales from
around the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Date of the
Axis Tilt</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Biblical account of Joshua and
Moses’ entry into Canaan was early April of -3,448 years ago. Can
we ascertain the month and day of the “long day” with any degree of
certainty? As it turns out, we can come very close.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When the Israelites entered Canaan,
it was the tenth day of the first month (Joshua 4:19), shortly before the
time of the Passover which is at the time of the full moon. In -3,448 YBP the
new moon and the first day of spring closely coincided, the first day of
spring being March 19 at the time, so we can date the entry into the Canaan
as Thursday, March 29, give or take a day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The events which are described
between the Passover and the battle at Gibeon all took time. The
Passover celebration itself took a week; the fall of Jericho took seven days;
the fall of Ai took at least four days; the construction of the altar on
mount Ebal and the copying of the law probably took a week or more; the
trickery of the Gibeonites took still more time; the communication of that
trickery to the Gibeonites’ neighbors and the subsequent formation of an
alliance, not to mention their march to Gibeon, all took time. It
is reasonable to assume that over a month passed between the celebration of
the Passover and long day. This is entirely consistent with the
geometry of sun and moon presented in Joshua 10 where the moon seems to be
west of the sun and both visible in daylight. Given that the time
for the event was 9:00 a.m., the moon was most likely near or after its last
quarter. More specifically, then, it appears that Joshua’s long
day happened somewhere between May 8 to May 15 of -3,448 YBP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Putting it
all Together</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Based on information in Old
Testament texts, the best date for the event seems to be within four or five
days either side of May 12, -3,448 YBP sometime between 8:30 and 9:30
a.m. This conclusion can be drawn from plotting all of the long
day, long night, and the long sunset accounts on a globe. Such extensive
observations preclude the conclusion that the event was an optical illusion
restricted to the land of Israel. It also disallows the notion
that Joshua’s account is fictitious, for the testimony of the peoples around
the world is entirely consistent with its reality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That some peoples have tales of a
long night while others tell of a long day while none have both a long day
and a long night tale collectively reinforces that the Event is not one
account, originating in the mid-East, which has migrated all over the world;
for if such were the case, then all nations would tell of a long day and none
would tell of a long night, let alone a perfectly-placed long
sunset. So we must conclude that the Axis Tilt Event was a real,
historical event and not some local work of fiction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The upshot is that there appears to
be solid evidence from contemporary accounts and from folklore around the
world that there was one day which, depending upon geographical location,
presented the inhabitants of the earth with an unusually long span of
daylight or night. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uyS2BOlVGSw/VJIo_GoNjaI/AAAAAAAASL8/6HUPvscvqEA/s1600/EarthEpochs_clip_image002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uyS2BOlVGSw/VJIo_GoNjaI/AAAAAAAASL8/6HUPvscvqEA/s1600/EarthEpochs_clip_image002.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="http://www.geocentricity.com/astronomy_of_bible/jld/index_files/image004.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 308.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 6in;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="image004" src="file:///C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: #073763;">This image is from Wikimedia Commons and is used with permission
and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature
and content of this information being research and education material.</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the
above photo<b> </b></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">the solid black circles show locations with tales of a long night;
open circles plot tales of a long day, and the half-white half-black circle
in the Pacific shows the location of a long sunrise tale. Recently,
after this figure was made, another long sunrise tale was reported in
Hawaii. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is my contention that only one
geological event can account for the phenomenon of the ‘Sun standing still in
the sky” and that is a partial tilt of the Earth on its Axis of Rotation.
Most cultures in the world say it happened, and some say ‘when’ it happened.
Based on the other evidence presented in this chapter, taken together shows
that a catastrophe happened about -3,450 years ago, and that catastrophe was
a 23.5 degree Tilt of the Earth’s Axis of Spin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .22%;" valign="top" width="0%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Breach of
Gibraltar Strait -3,450 Years Ago</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">About 3,450 years ago, Gibraltar Strait
breached, opening the Mediterranean up to direct access to the Atlantic Ocean.
If the breach did in fact occur at that time, and the regression analysis below
suggests that it did, then that begs the question of whether the breach
occurred from the Mediterranean side out to the Atlantic, or it occurred inward
from the Atlantic Ocean toward the Med side.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PK0uYQDcFdU/VJIp1tb7tgI/AAAAAAAASMI/95iMAHpNnb0/s1600/Gibraltar1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PK0uYQDcFdU/VJIp1tb7tgI/AAAAAAAASMI/95iMAHpNnb0/s1600/Gibraltar1.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 208.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 6in;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><br /><span style="color: #073763;">
This image is from Wikimedia Commons and is used with permission and/or used
under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of
this information being research and education material.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">A case for the former seems the most
reasonable. If the Melt Water Pulse had caused ocean levels to rise 400' over
the Holocene, and ice water melt from the European Ice Sheet had increased the
level of the freshwater Mediterranean faster than the ocean rise of the outside
Atlantic Ocean levels, then the breach would have been outward, from the
Mediterranean toward the Atlantic Ocean. This makes logical sense, as the
rising freshwater Mediterranean would have slowly spilled over, creating a
narrow, thin river like spill across the land bridge, but as the levels
increased, the spillway grew more torrential, widening the original gap more
and more rapidly. It required an "equalization" of both the Mediterranean
and Ocean level water tables in order for tidal effects to act in both
direction, which caused a rapid "scouring" and widening of the gap on
a much more rapid basis. However, an equal and compelling argument can likely
be made for an Atlantic side breach. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">The Bosporus Strait breached 3,600
years before Gibraltar, (-7,000 YBP) giving both the Black Sea and
Mediterranean an opportunity to equalize their water tables. Following the
breach in the Bosporus land bridge, without an outlet, the combined Black Sea
and Mediterranean water table should have risen faster than the global oceans,
(due primarily to the fact that the world oceans was rising more slowly from
the combined Laurentide, and Lambeck (European) Ice Sheets draining into the
Baltic and North Sea, with a smaller amount of the Lambeck runoff draining
southward into the Black Sea-Mediterranean water table. The overall ocean level
had a much larger surface to spread out the ice melt water; consequently the
oceans would rise slower than the confined smaller area of the Mediterranean and
Black Sea. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ekhNQJvP5LU/VJIp7SmeGsI/AAAAAAAASMQ/3S7DkehwYEg/s1600/gibraltat2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ekhNQJvP5LU/VJIp7SmeGsI/AAAAAAAASMQ/3S7DkehwYEg/s1600/gibraltat2.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Graphic image © John
Jensen, 2014</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">The Gibraltar Strait's width has
quadrupled within recorded history. In the fifth century BC, the Greeks
measured the Strait at 5 stadia or about four miles wide. When Julius Caesar's
Roman Legions measured the Strait, it was seven miles wide. During the Crusades
in the 11th century, Gibraltar was measured at twelve miles wide; now it
currently measures fifteen miles wide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">If we reverse engineer the growth rate,
we can extrapolate the initial failure to be sometime around 3,450 YBP. The
above chart shows the Gibraltar Strait growth rate over time - please note that
the left column depicts time in centuries (100 year) segments, and the bottom axis
represents width in miles. Extrapolating those dates into a “regression table”
indicates the date of the </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">breach of the Strait of Gibraltar. Geologically, regression dating is a
well-known and often used method to ascertain age-dating of certain geological
events. For example; the annual regression or upstream decay of the actual
waterfall face of both Niagara and Minnesota Falls demonstrates a likely date
of their initiation or ‘birth”. Generally speaking, regression dating is best
used when a process like turbulent flowing water cuts or degrades the flow edge
a measurable amount, over a known period of time. With that data a relatively
accurate determination of the date of initiation or ‘birth’ of that process can
be established.</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">If the above case is true, it
solidifies the geological data that a catastrophic event occurred at a 3,450
YBP watershed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Calendar Change 3,450 Years Ago</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Accurate knowledge of the Earth’s orbit
around the sun, called the sidereal year, and the exact dates of summer and
winter solstices, as well as the spring and fall equinoxes, were critical
information to both nomadic and agrarian based early societies. Planting, food
gathering, harvest, storage, movement of domestic herds, hunting, and other
seasonal aspects of life were regulated by this information. Consequently, one
of the very earliest ‘technical’ achievements of an emerging social group was
the development and use of an accurate calendar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Information required to construct a
precise, useful calendar was gathered by tracking movement of the Sun, Moon and
other celestial objects. That information was provided by a simple solar
observatory. Gathering and managing annual observatory information was a matter
of setting a fixed observation point, and marking a horizon point with exact
positions of the rising and setting sun, moon rise and moon set, as well as the
movement of other planets and stars. In a very limited number of years, a
relatively precise calendar would be established.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0h13zj8elEA/VJIqTvYvaFI/AAAAAAAASMY/xmJDEl1VdIk/s1600/Calendar4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0h13zj8elEA/VJIqTvYvaFI/AAAAAAAASMY/xmJDEl1VdIk/s1600/Calendar4.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">
Image: Wikimedia Commons. Used with permission and/or used under 'public
domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this information
being research and education material.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Many surviving megalithic artifacts,
stone rows, clusters and circles, aligned buildings, as well as other similar
examples from Stone Age cultures are simple to complex solar observatories.
They were by definition, precision instruments, providing quite detailed
information to observers, though they were often simple in terms of mechanical
characteristics. It seems obvious then that a precise calendar of any early or
prehistoric society was probably about as accurate as our modern Julian
calendar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">The process was just complex enough
however, to be relegated to an ‘intellectual’ class which often later evolved
into a ‘priest’ or ‘shaman’ class. Their responsibility of tracking days and
seasons expanded into providing a semblance of ‘purpose and meaning’ to
seemingly random events such as weather, storms, flooding, eclipses, and social
behavior. Astrology, or the divination of positions of various celestial bodies
at a given time and location, in its various forms, is still practiced in our
modern world today. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">In the final analysis however, the
annual calendar count and the exact dates of the solstices and equinoxes were
the primary function of the local solar observatory. A direct result of
the solar year day count was the definition of ‘degrees’ of a circle, which
were derived from sunrise and sunset positions on the horizon. In addition, the
Zodiac or Astrological Chart with its 12 signs or houses, each being 30 degrees
of the ecliptic, is a direct remnant of the solar calendar system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">All early major primitive societies,
Sumerian, Egyptian, Ethiopian, Babylonian and Mesoamerican had a primary 360
day solar calendar, and all but the Maya had a 360 degree circle, and a 12 sign
Zodiac. The additional 5 days were dealt with by each group, but were always
‘add-ons’ to the fixed length calendar. The length of the calendar was not a
function of mathematical simplicity, but rather an accurate reflection of the
actual day count of a sidereal year, which suggests that sometime in our not so
distant past, Earth had a solar orbit path exactly 360 days long.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-i2geHky3CxQ/VJIqYpOg2gI/AAAAAAAASMg/kt67-6kElQY/s1600/Calendar5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-i2geHky3CxQ/VJIqYpOg2gI/AAAAAAAASMg/kt67-6kElQY/s1600/Calendar5.png" /></a></div>
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">Image: Wikimedia Commons
and/or Public Domain. Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain'
and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this information being
research and education material.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Generally, sometime after the emergence
of the earliest known historical city state cultures, many peoples who had
previously considered the year to be 360 days in length began using a calendar
of twelve 30-day months, and sometime in the mid third millennium BC, they all
individually added an additional five days to the end of their year. These
additional days were considered to be very unlucky or ‘dark days’. These groups
in the mid-east are: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Sumerians</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"> had a calendar five
thousand years ago, that divided the year into 30-day months, divided the day
into 12 periods (each corresponding to 2 of our hours), and divided these
periods into 30 parts (each like 4 of our minutes).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Copts</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">, and their neighbors to
the south, the <b>Ethiopians</b>, probably
because they were surrounded by Islamic peoples, never adopted the Western
calendar. Instead, these two isolated groups continued to use the older 360-day
calendar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Babylonians</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">, during the reign of the
Babylonian king Nabonasser (-2,747 – 2,734 YBP) discontinued their practice of
looking for the new moon in order to name the beginning of a month. Instead,
they returned to a previous fixed-length calendar that had 12 months of 30 days
each, with five days added at the end.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Zoroastrians</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"> began their calendar in -2,389
YBP with the birth of Zoroaster, their founder. Like others in the region,
their calendar consists of a 360 day year of twelve 30-day months with five
"gatha days" added at the end.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">The Maya</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"> in ancient times had a
tradition of a 360-day year. But by the -1,300 YBP they took a different
approach than either Europeans or Asians. They maintained three different
calendars at the same time. In one of them, they divided a 365-day year into
eighteen 20-day months followed by a five-day period that was part of no month.
The five-day period was considered to be unlucky.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p-4ZVCBZh_E/VJIqdX25yPI/AAAAAAAASMo/VWO3JIaZdyU/s1600/Cals1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p-4ZVCBZh_E/VJIqdX25yPI/AAAAAAAASMo/VWO3JIaZdyU/s1600/Cals1.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Image: Wikimedia Commons.
Used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies
due to the nature and content of this information being research and education
material.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br />
<br />
</span><b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conclusion</span></span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Based on the
information in this paper, I have come to the startling conclusion that about
-3,450 years ago, a global catastrophe occurred that included a partial tilt of
the Earth’s axis. The event, while devastating, was not nearly as cataclysmic
as the earlier event -7,000 years ago. The Tilt Event caused a change in the
Earth’s perpendicular axis of spin to an axial tilt of 23.5 degrees. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The most well-known
description of the Event comes from Biblical records, particularly Joshua, which
describe in some detail the fall of the Walls of Jericho, (a sizeable
earthquake) and the Sun “standing still in its path” (a tilting of the Earth
Axis of rotation). In addition, I have used many other historical references
including Egyptian Hieroglyph translation to support the dating and narrative
of events defined in this paper. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The other major effect
of the event is the ‘regression dated” breach of the Strait of Gibraltar. This
is the most compelling evidence for the scope of the event. Without detail, I
also think that the dating of the eruption of Santorini, or Thera (estimated to
have occurred -3,600 years ago) is too close to the date of -3,450 to be more
than coincidence. I predict that further testing will establish a date for the Thera
eruption to be nearly identical to the regression date of the breach of
Gibraltar Strait.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Axis Tilt, a
catastrophe of serious magnitude, is not nearly as lethal or devastating as the
-7,000 YBP Mega Cataclysm. That earlier event was a serious near extinction
level event, and will be covered in detail in another chapter of this book
called “<b>The Last Great Cataclysm, -7,000
Years Ago</b>. The Axis Tilt is a catastrophe, (not a cataclysm) that occurred
while there were growing remnant-survivor-derivative populations from the
-7,000 YBP Mega Cataclysm. The 7K super cataclysm stopped progress for nearly a
thousand years, which seems to be the length of time necessary before a
surviving culture can start rebuilding their civilization in any meaningful
way. Some of those cultures had already started to rebuild their civilizations
from the 7K event, and had established several advanced technologies including early
forms of writing, leaving us fairly reliable reports of the Axis Tilt event. There
is good evidence to suggest another period of nearly 1,000 years followed the
-3,400 event before survivor-derivative cultures could once again effectively
begin to rebuild. The explosion of Greek culture a thousand years after the
Tilt event is a good example.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Last, it is very
important to me, that I make the case on a stand-alone basis for the Axis Tilt
to have occurred -3,450 years ago, while ensuring that information in NO WAY
suggests the catastrophe at that time had anything at all to do with “The
Flood”, the “Sinking of Atlantis” or any other like “legends” or “myths” of
similar type events. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">I am interested in any and all
feedback, criticism, editorial comments, diction and grammar corrections, or
just different and opposing opinions and viewpoints.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">Thank you for your review.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">John Jensen<br />
321-614-5040<br />
</span><a href="mailto:floathouse@gmail.com"><span style="color: #0d0dff; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: hyperlink; mso-themetint: 242;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">floathouse@gmail.com</span></span></a><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<br />
</span><a href="https://earthepochs.blogspot.com/"><span style="color: #0d0dff; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: hyperlink; mso-themetint: 242;">EarthEpochs.Blogspot.com</span></a><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br />
</span><a href="http://ancientcanalbuilders.com/"><span style="color: #0d0dff; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: hyperlink; mso-themetint: 242;">AncientCanalBuilders.com</span></a><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br />
</span><a href="http://earthepochs.com/"><span style="color: #0d0dff; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: hyperlink; mso-themetint: 242;">EarthEpochs.com</span></a><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"> </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;">(coming soon with the Amazon
publication of the book)<br />
</span><a href="https://govst.academia.edu/JohnJensen"><span style="color: #0d0dff; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: hyperlink; mso-themetint: 242;">Academia.edu</span></a><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><br />
</span><a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/104006588319624910329/posts"><span style="color: #0d0dff; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: hyperlink; mso-themetint: 242;">Google.com</span></a><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-67674660519326481512014-12-08T07:32:00.000-08:002014-12-08T07:38:28.194-08:00Ancient Sunken Harbors near Tampa Bay, FL<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Tampa
Offshore Ancient Sunken Harbor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eIB09aFHFZw/VIW8dAqNGuI/AAAAAAAASJM/v5CwkcAhoNU/s1600/Fl-H1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eIB09aFHFZw/VIW8dAqNGuI/AAAAAAAASJM/v5CwkcAhoNU/s1600/Fl-H1.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Above image-photo is a composite of Satellite Imagery and Google Earth of the Tampa Offshore Sunken Harbor, and is used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. The coordinates in Google Earth are: 27°37'39.27"N, 82°47'32.17"W. Set 'Historical Imagery' to 11/12/2007.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Based on the size and
length of the Tampa Offshore Sunken Harbor as a major engineering project, a
population base large enough to have ready resources to undertake the massive
construction components of this size project is required. To complete other
massive projects here in Florida, as well as New York, Mexico and South Africa,
around the same relative time frame suggests a major Atlantic rim population
density.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Tampa harbor is
located about 2.2 miles offshore in the open ocean. It rests on a high tidal
shoulder beside a large land egress channel. Length of the main body of the
harbor is something over 9,000’ to 10,000’, with a widened harbor to the left,
and an additional 3,000' exit canal toward the open ocean. Based on harbors of
similar sizes today, we can estimate the depth of the cut harbor to be 35' to
45' deep.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The volume of material
cut, transported and disposed was roughly 45,000,000 (forty five million) cubic
yards. At an average cost in dollars today of about $12 per cubic yard, this
project looks like the beginning of a colossal engineering project in the
$538,000,000 (MILLION) dollar range.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At this level of
material, a minimum of technical machinery including dredge cutters, piping,
barges and a whole range of equipment would be required. Although mega projects
of this size have been accomplished in the past, using manpower alone, (such as
the great wall of China), nothing on this order has ever been shown to have
been done in the cutting and dredging of harbors of this size, while at the
same time being involved with several other like projects, as demonstrated by
the Boca Grande Harbor, (about 70 miles south), and other similar sites. Based
on casual observation alone, it is evident this harbor was not completed with
manpower alone, but with some very sophisticated machinery and equipment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ocean depth at the tidal
shoulder (edge of the harbor) is estimated to be between 6’ and 9’ deep, but
could be as much as 12’ to 15’ deep. Those depths place a date certain, based
on Ocean Level Rise, of between 7,200 and 7,400 years before present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is no shore based use for this large a harbor. It is not 'landfill' as that process is done much closer to the shoreline. There is no records available of any Corp of Engineer work being done in this local area that can be found.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We think that this
civilization was destroyed by a super mega cataclysm, and if so, it is entirely
plausible, if not likely, that some residue artifacts in stone, pottery and
possible other unknown materials, are preserved in the mud and silt at the
bottom of this harbor. We intend to be the first to find out. We are NOT
releasing location coordinates on this site pending our own expedition
dive. If you are interested in joining the expedition to this site, please let
us know.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Boca
Grande Harbor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZTVNQyAxx9w/VIW-NI8DBqI/AAAAAAAASJY/CyWo-q1H-Cg/s1600/Boca%2BGrand%2BHarbor.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZTVNQyAxx9w/VIW-NI8DBqI/AAAAAAAASJY/CyWo-q1H-Cg/s1600/Boca%2BGrand%2BHarbor.png" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Above image-photo is a composite of Satellite Imagery and Google Earth of the Boca Grande Harbor and causeway, and is used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. The coordinates in Google Earth are: 26°42'29.97"N, 82°17'9.41"W. Set 'Historical Imagery' to 4/1/2010</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In addition to this
amazing underwater artifact, there is an existing causeway or roadway that
extends from the harbor edge northeast, terminating at the secondary tidal
shoulder of the current shoreline. As a rough estimate, this structure as an
engineering project would consist of cutting, dredging, removal and disposal of
approximately 8,100,000 cubic yards of material. Total project cost in today’s
dollars of roughly $6 per cubic yard of material means this project had a
budget of just under $50 million dollars.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Boca Grande Harbor
sits on the secondary tidal shoulder and appears to be in the range of 6’ to 9’
below current mean tide level. If so, that means its relative build and use
date had to be within a very tight window between 7,200 and 7,300 years ago. At
that time, the Third Meltwater Pulse Ocean Level was rising at the rate of more
than 5’ per 100 years. Since Ocean Rise is established to be slightly more than
5 feet over the last 7,000 years, an additional 3-5 would indicate a depth of
6-9’ to be roughly equivalent to 7,200 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SJRAbKtf0YM/VIW-2HmissI/AAAAAAAASJg/IK4Dt5MYL0I/s1600/Boca%2BGrand%2BCauseway.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SJRAbKtf0YM/VIW-2HmissI/AAAAAAAASJg/IK4Dt5MYL0I/s1600/Boca%2BGrand%2BCauseway.PNG" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Above image-photo is a composite of Satellite Imagery and Google Earth of the Boca Grande Harbor and causeway, and is used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. The coordinates in Google Earth are: 26°42'29.97"N, 82°17'9.41"W. Set 'Historical Imagery' to 4/1/2010</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The road or causeway
that extends from the harbor northeast to the shoreline is about 2.0 mile long,
and is degraded and covered over with sand in several places. This section is
more degraded closest to the harbor proper, and then retains its original shape
of the section closest to the shoreline. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This harbor has many
features similar to the Tampa Bay Sunken Harbor, both are very near or on the
edge of a deep water channel that goes out through the continental shelf to the
open ocean. Edges of the harbor edge or shoulder are currently estimated to be
between 6' and 9' beneath mean tide ocean level. Its depth suggests it is
contemporary with the Bimini Road as well as other Harbors and canals at this
depth. Ocean level rise dating suggests this Harbor was inundated between 7,000
and 7,100 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">North
Key Largo <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vyGtfPFMXxU/VIW_6uUwogI/AAAAAAAASJs/L4WMo7PC1tE/s1600/NKeyLargo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vyGtfPFMXxU/VIW_6uUwogI/AAAAAAAASJs/L4WMo7PC1tE/s1600/NKeyLargo.png" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Above image-photo is a composite of Satellite Imagery and Google Earth of the North Key Largo complex, and is used with permission and/or used under 'public domain' and 'fair use' policies due to the nature and content of this book being research and education material. The coordinates in Google Earth are: 25°13'22.54"N, 80°20'23.09"W. Set 'Historical Imagery' to 11/12/2007</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This site is a series of inlet canals that
are grown over and silted in, eroding back into the landscape. The center canal
is one of the largest (if older) ones found to date. It is about 2,700’ long to
the end of the ‘silted in’ paddle head. The original width is about 350’ and
the newer section is about 170’ wide. The old section of the south canal is
about 445’ wide, and the newer section is about 220’ wide, the north canal is
about 85’ wide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The curved S sections connecting the canals
are completely silted in and grown over. To the right, an unused, unconnected
cut canal goes out to open water. There is substantial berm around the open
water cut canal, indicating it was built when the tidal shelf was above water.
Of significance is the moat canal surrounding this complex. All indications are
that this complex is one of the older shore based complex systems found to
date. It certainly may not date to -7,000 ybp, but it is much older than the
200 odd years our modern culture has been settling the South Florida Keys. It
may very well postdate the offshore Harbors. Berm soil samples need to be taken
here for a relatively accurate C-14 dating sample.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This complex appears to have two building and
use periods, one that is less structured and has the appearance of being built
on top of the old system. The original berm on this center canal includes the
large rectangle paddle head. The second berm seems to have been cut out of the
silted over section. It is not possible in this preview, to do justice to the
many features of this complex, and much field work is required to make serious
statements of potential purpose and function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I will agree this complex does not appear to
support a 5' rise in ocean level, but it certainly could and would support a
1" plus raise, putting the date of this complex somewhere between 4,500
and 5,800 years ago. In any case it is not modern, meaning it was not built in
the last 200 or so years of Florida expansion. There are many other shore based
complexes in the Keys that show at least a three tiered tidal shoulder that is
about 2' deep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the next section, we will look at the
complete Long Island Sound channel and offshore harbors system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-11127847571194392522014-10-01T21:35:00.000-07:002017-05-06T13:25:30.301-07:00600 Mile Wide Impact Crater in the Pacific NW caused the Younger-Dryas extinction level event.<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Location first brought to my attention from the website: </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;"><a href="http://ogspics.wix.com/beholdgiants%23!">http://ogspics.wix.com/beholdgiants#!</a></span><br />
<i><span style="color: #17375e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></i>
<i><span style="color: #17375e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Nothing in this
paper argues ‘for’ or ‘against’ theology-creationism, or ‘for’ or ‘against’ gradualism-evolution.
My sole interest is finding facts without regard to whether they support one side
or the other of the argument. My opinion is they both are about equally in error.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is an impact crater in the Pacific
Northwest (Sacajawea impact crater) and a larger "exit wound" crater
on the opposite side of the globe (the Taklimakan Desert in Western China), the
primary impact point is near Sacajawea Peak in North Eastern Oregon. It is a
complex crater with a clearly visible crater rim, and can be seen by a casual
observer at about 600 mile altitude on Google Earth. An Eastern slope failure
is the Yellowstone Basin. Northern ejecta is visible as the Rocky Mountains and
the Canadian Range into Alaska on the NW side, and into Utah, Nevada and
California on the South side. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pWmjwnPMU8A/VCzRC7w1EZI/AAAAAAAAOvo/DxD4IpEfSkI/s1600/Sacajawea%2BImpact%2BCrater.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pWmjwnPMU8A/VCzRC7w1EZI/AAAAAAAAOvo/DxD4IpEfSkI/s1600/Sacajawea%2BImpact%2BCrater.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the western edge of the crater are the
"NW Ring" of volcanoes, which consists of Mt. Sister, Mt. Jefferson and
Mt. Hood in Oregon; as well as Mt St. Helens, Mt. Adams and Mt. Rainier in
Washington State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The gigantic size of this crater at more than
600 miles wide covers 80% of the state of Washington, 100% of the state of
Idaho, and about 75% of the state of Oregon, which suggests that the impactor
was something in access of 25-30 miles wide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Based on the oblong scar opposite the
Sacajawea impact crater, in the Taklimakan Desert in Western China, the exit
scar appears larger than the impact crater at about 800 miles in width. It
certainly appears to be an exit wound with errata and ejecta into Afghanistan,
Pakistan and Iran. It has an obvious visual appearance of an "exit
wound" with several smaller 'exit wounds' in its general vicinity. If a
large meteor struck the earth that was over 25 miles in diameter, could it
penetrate the crust and Earth's upper mantle, travel through the liquid molten
center, and exit through the upper mantle and crust on the opposite side of the
globe?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9zUIfVFWEJs/VCzRDIUH-TI/AAAAAAAAOvs/kitX2veDJJ0/s1600/Ejecta%2BCrator.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="321" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9zUIfVFWEJs/VCzRDIUH-TI/AAAAAAAAOvs/kitX2veDJJ0/s1600/Ejecta%2BCrator.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Simple ballistics will give us a good idea. If
we reduce the Earth down to the size of a large goose egg, (about 10" in circumference around its longer side)
the Earth' crust and upper mantle would be roughly the thickness of the goose egg's
shell and inner membrane. The inter mantle, magma and core of the Earth would
be roughly equivalent to the goose egg's inner white and yolk sack, although
the goose egg interior mass is probably less dense, when compared to the
Earth's core. But generally speaking they are roughly equivalent. For the experiment I would recommend draining the egg though a small hole, and filling it with a gel like substance to mimic the Earth's core density.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Earth is just less than 8,000 miles in
diameter (actually 7,918 miles) at the equator. But more importantly, the
surface (circumference) of the Earth at the Equator is just less than 25,000
miles. (Actually 24,901) Divided by 30 miles, (the size of the 'asteroid')
readily shows us the the projectile would be 1/830th the size of the Earth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reducing 1/830th of the Earth's surface to the
size of a large goose egg (measuring around the egg the long way) which is, on
average about 10" more or less, when converted to millimeters, 10" equals
254 millimeters. Dividing the 254 millimeters by 830, returns a projectile
roughly 0.30 millimeters in diameter. (Or about 1/64th of an inch) Or, about
the size of the period at the end of this sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now, if we look at the speed of the 30 mile asteroid,
which generally enters the atmosphere at (give or take) 25 miles per second,
(or about 132,000 fps), and impacting the Earth at something less than that,
less than 90,000 fps). Which takes into consideration the very slight braking
effect of our atmosphere. (traveling at 25 miles per second means the asteroid would be in our atmosphere for about 7-8 seconds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reducing the 'asteroid' projectile to the
'sentence period' as defined above (as it relates to the goose egg), means the period sized
projectile would travel about 1,084 fps on impact and travel on through the
egg. Depending on internal deflection, it would exit the egg roughly on its
trajectory, without much surface damage to the egg shell. If equivalent to the
Earth, the entry hole on the eggshell would have roughly a 5 mm entry wound.
The exit wound would be a 'blow out' crater, significantly larger than the impact
crater, which is exactly what the Taklimakan Crater in China shows. If the
impact spherule were larger, it would damage the entire egg structure, but its
small size in comparison to the egg shell suggests it would penetrate the
shell, travel through the egg center and exit out the other side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The above is quite easy to test in a
laboratory setting. If the ballistic dynamics are as close to what is related
here, it would demonstrate that a 30 mile diameter object could and did
penetrate the Earth's crust sometime in the past, leaving the residue of the
Sacajawea Crater and the Taklimakan Crater as its calling card.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is different information than has been
presented before, so it puts in question the long held macro time scales for
large impact craters of a lot smaller size. There are several good solution to
this problem. One might be to do 14c tests on Clam beds in the high Plateau of
the Colorado Rockies. Another is to definitively c14 test the Yellowstone
Gorge. That geological anomaly is currently dated to between 10,000 and 14,000
years in age based on preliminary c14 tests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bcL3YHagBe0/VEvpGwMeBKI/AAAAAAAAOzQ/7s6K7yUq8xI/s1600/Yellowstone%2BGorge1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bcL3YHagBe0/VEvpGwMeBKI/AAAAAAAAOzQ/7s6K7yUq8xI/s1600/Yellowstone%2BGorge1.jpg" width="321" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Sacajawea Crater, based on the c14 dates
of the Yellowstone Gorge, fits the model as the driver of the mega-extinction
of giant flora and fauna at the Younger Dryas evemt at about 12,800 years ago.
It is not my purpose to argue the Y-D barrier, only to postulate the Sacajawea
impact as the primary driver for the ensuing mega extinction. It also fits most
other anomalies in the geological record surrounding the Y-D event. For
example, the deliberate burial of Gobelki Tepi, and the megalithic cultures of
the high Andes, Egypt and the Near East. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is not the object of this report to
speculate on the ensuing global cataclysm following the impact. It is, however,
quite evident that the catastrophe that followed would have been more
devastating than the Chicxulub impact event that ‘supposedly’ killed the
dinosaurs, as argued to have happened 65 million years ago.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">In late 2014, several scientists published papers on the first direct evidence of massive reservoirs of sub surface water that is three times the size of Earth’s surface oceans. The reservoirs are about 750 miles below the Earth’s crust. The following graphic illustrates the relationship. (205) Illustration by Jack Cook Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution </span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ea8tfcnspqE/WMLV0cZfg1I/AAAAAAAATWs/wq6pL28WnxssTNC4TDkfkSoRT5HuPj3vQCLcB/s1600/257-4796b43a3c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="293" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ea8tfcnspqE/WMLV0cZfg1I/AAAAAAAATWs/wq6pL28WnxssTNC4TDkfkSoRT5HuPj3vQCLcB/s400/257-4796b43a3c.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The blue ball at “A” represents the amount of ocean water compared to the size of the Earth. The two small blue balls at “B” represent the amount of fresh water lakes and river water compared to the size of the Earth. The large blue ball at “C” represents the relative amount of water in sub surface reservoirs. Any transfer of the sub surface water to the surface oceans would cause massive flooding of the world’s oceans.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I contend that is exactly what happened 12,900 years ago. A massive comet strike in the Pacific Northwest (The Sacajawea Impact Crater) penetrated the Earth’s crust, and the exit crater at Taklimakan released a vast amount of the subterranean water reservoir into the oceans, causing a global flood some 800’ above the then ocean level, or about 500’ about current sea level today.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I will make the declarative statement that the
Sacajawea impact event at 12,800 ybp DID in fact drive many giant flora and
fauna INCLUDING some surviving species of dinosaurs into near extinction, with
a few remaining scattered groups surviving into the late Holocene (near modern
times), providing models for rock drawings, clay models, tapestry and
figurines, etc. The Younger-Dryas event is recognized to be centered in North
America, which also fits the model. In a later Blog, I will make the case for
Dinosaurs living up into the late Holocene, but the primary proof is the more
than 63 DNA tests done on un-fossilized dinosaur bones returning dates of
12,000 to 42,000 ybp. (In addition to Dr. Mary Schweitzer (of North Carolina
State) who found “elastic collagen and hemoglobin elements” in a T-Rex hind
limb. (that is “Blood and Tissue” for you non techies.) 13K years is the
extreme outer limits for survival of unstable biological elements. Certainly
NOT 65 million years. If you don’t believe me, ask any biologist or chemist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Your review and counter argument is appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Please NOTE that credit is given at the beginning and at the end of this paper where the two Google photos were first published. I do not take credit for initially finding the photos. All else in this paper is original work by myself.</i></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Location first brought to my attention from
the website: </span><a href="http://ogspics.wix.com/beholdgiants%23!"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;">http://ogspics.wix.com/beholdgiants#!</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">John Jensen Oct 1, 2014, updated Oct 25.
2014<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Edited March 11, 2017</span></div>
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Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-85889177785099238232014-09-17T17:33:00.000-07:002014-09-17T17:53:03.164-07:00Giant Humans in the Historical Record<div style="margin: 0in 63pt 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #002060; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Giant Humans</b></span><b style="color: #002060; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> in the Historical Record</b></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #002060; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">Please
Note that this material is presented without prejudice or favor to either side
of the Creation – Evolution argument. I am neither a supporter-advocate nor
detractor-debunker for either side. I am however, keenly interested in the
actual historical record.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Patagonian Giants<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZmrCasHO5Z0/VBnYF5OPsGI/AAAAAAAAOoo/3R1DoUxxG_o/s1600/Dimebag.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZmrCasHO5Z0/VBnYF5OPsGI/AAAAAAAAOoo/3R1DoUxxG_o/s1600/Dimebag.PNG" height="400" width="277" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Antonio Pigafetta —a Venetian nobleman— joined the expedition of
Magellan as the official chronicler of the voyage. Pigafetta kept a richly
detailed diary of the expedition in which he made entries every day of the
entire odyssey. Pigafetta said that one of the reasons for joining the
expedition was to gain some fame for posterity. Here is an excerpt from his
diary:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">"Leaving that place, we finally reached 49 and one-half degrees
toward the Antarctic Pole. As it was winter, the ships entered a safe port to
winter. We passed two months in that place without seeing anyone. One day we
suddenly saw a naked man of giant stature on the shore of the port, dancing, singing,
and throwing dust on his head. The captain general sent one of our men to the
giant so that he might perform the same actions as a sign of peace. Having done
that, the man led the giant to an islet into the presence of the
captain-general. When the giant was in the captain-general's and our presence,
he marveled greatly, and made signs with one finger raised upward, believing
that we had come from the sky.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">"He was so tall that we reached only to his waist, and he was
well proportioned."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">His face was large and painted red all over, while about his eyes he
was painted yellow; and he had two hearts painted on the middle of his cheeks.
His scanty hair was painted white. He was dressed in the skins of animals
skillfully sewn together. That animal has a head and ears as large as those of
a mule, a neck and body like those of a camel, the legs of a deer, and the tail
of a horse, like which it neighs, and that land has very many of them. His feet
were shod with the same kind of skins which covered his feet in the manner of
shoes. In his hand he carried a short, heavy bow, with a cord somewhat thicker
than those of the lute, and made from the intestines of the same animal, and a
bundle of rather short cane arrows feathered like ours, and with points of
white and black flint stones in the manner of Turkish arrows, instead of iron.
Those points were fashioned by means of another stone." (</span><em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diary of
Pigafetta</span></em><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">, pp. 51-52).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">“It is significant to note that the above narrative is taken
from the journal of the 'Official Chronicler' of Magellan's voyage of
discovery. That is the one person above all others, who is tasked with
recording and keeping the most accurate records of events, activities, etc.
whether exotic or mundane. This person is not only responsible to the Commander
of the voyage, but also to King and Country for his eye witness accounts as a
complete, precise and accurate testimony of events that occurred during the voyage.
Based on his position and responsibilities alone, his first hand eye witness
testimony of encounters with 10' giants MUST be taken as factual information by
an unimpeachable witness. To do otherwise, is to trivialize the importance of
the Chronicler's fundamental accountability.”
<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">It also gives foundation credit to other reports of giants in the
Americas, Europe and the Middle East in other eras, particularly those from the
early 12th and 13th century BC that follow in this narrative. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="StrongEmphasis"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">John Jensen 9-17-2012</span></i></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><u> Page 1 </u></span></i></span></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Historical (Documented) Giants</b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-o2H435qB3MA/VBnYHBcMg-I/AAAAAAAAOp0/KOEtNgSuFqk/s1600/MaximusThrash.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-o2H435qB3MA/VBnYHBcMg-I/AAAAAAAAOp0/KOEtNgSuFqk/s1600/MaximusThrash.png" height="320" width="228" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">Across the last (at least) 6,000 years,
records indicate the presence of medium sized giant hominids up through the
post Colombian period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">This section will look at the evidence of
both oral and written records, as well as artifacts, bones and full skeletons
that substantiate the actual existence of those post glacial mid or smaller
sized giants. (Much larger than modern man, but not nearly as large as earlier
Epoch Giants) The records and artifacts suggest current Epoch giant hominids up
through the post Colombian era were the smaller of the giants, standing between
8' to 13' in height, and weighing between 850 and 3200 lbs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">In addition, this section will look at
variations of hominids and hominin types, and their </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">relationship</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"> to their
antediluvian predecessors. Of particular interest are the Peruvian Coneheads,
and other hominid types including the Starchild Skull.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">This section will document the case that
surviving giants and other (derivative) hominid types, and small to medium
sized dinosaurs, particularly Sauropods, Triceratops, and Hadrosaurs lived in
isolated (declining) small groups up into the Early Common Era. It is certainly
likely that some aquatic forms may still exist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">In this section, I make reference to
records contained in ancient 'religious texts', particularly the Talmud, Bible
and some Apocryphal texts, such as 'The Book of Enoch'. I make reference to
place names, events, people, and 'Giants', without supporting any claim of the
nature, purpose, meaning or religious significance of such records. It is an
important distinction. This inquiry is <u>not</u> taken to support or debunk
Creationism or Evolution. I have tried to extract primary factual data from
source material while not including any opinion or bias as to purpose or
meaning of that particular data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Historical Text References to Giants:<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ex6oDldmYXw/VBnhd-cR2UI/AAAAAAAAOqU/si6rU7iHuZU/s1600/BookofGiants.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ex6oDldmYXw/VBnhd-cR2UI/AAAAAAAAOqU/si6rU7iHuZU/s1600/BookofGiants.png" height="239" width="320" /></a><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The Book of Giants: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The Book of Giants was a work apparently composed in Syriac (an eastern
dialect of Aramaic). The book was entirely lost until the twentieth century,
although a few scant references to it survived in Latin, Greek, and Arabic,
indicating that it involved battles of the ancient giants. Then about a century
ago many highly fragmentary Manichean works written in Central Asian languages
were recovered archaeologically at Turfan, in China (and much of the find
remains unpublished even at present). The Dead Sea Scrolls contain fragments of
the 'Book of Giants'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">The
Epic of Gilgamesh</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">: What is claimed
as the oldest surviving epic-story in the world; <i>'The epic of Gilgamesh'</i> also includes a references to giants.
Gilgamesh and Enkidu go together to fight the evil Humbaba at the cedar
mountains. The evil giants face was like a lion, a roar like a flood, a mouth
of flames, breath that burns trees, and teeth like a dragons. In the end they
cut off his head.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Herodotus in Book 1, Chapter 68: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Describes how the Spartans uncovered in Tegea the body of Orestes which
was seven cubits long -- around 10' 5". In his book, 'The Comparison of
Romulus with Theseus' Plutarch describes how the Athenians uncovered the body
of Theseus, which was of more than ordinary size. The kneecaps of Ajax were
exactly the size of a discus for the boy's pentathlon, wrote Pausanias. A boy's
discus was about twelve centimeters in diameter, while a normal adult patella
is around five centimeters, suggesting Ajax may have been around 14 feet tall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pliny</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">: The Arabian
giant <i>Gabara </i>was 9 feet 9 inches.
This Arabian giant is mentioned by Pliny, who says he was the tallest man seen
in the days of Claudius. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Andronicus II</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">. was 10
feet in height. He was grandson of Alexius Comnnus. Nictas asserts that he had
seen him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">Elea'zer:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"> was 7 cubits (nearly 10.5 feet).
Vitellius sent this giant to Rome; and he is mentioned by Josephus. (<i>Josephus speaks of a Jew 10 feet 2 inches</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u> Page 2 </u></span></i></div>
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<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Biblical references to giants:</b><span style="font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Genesis 6:4</span></b>
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of
God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same
became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">1 Chronicles 20:6</span></b> <i> </i></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great stature,
whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each
foot and he also was the son of the giant.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">1 Chronicles 20:8</span></b> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>These were born unto the giant in
Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="color: #660000;">Deuteronomy 1:28</span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>'Whither shall we
go up? our brethren have discouraged our heart, saying, the people are greater
and taller than we; the cities are great and walled up to heaven; and moreover
we have seen the sons of the Anakims there”.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>Deuteronomy 2:11</b></span>
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>Which also were accounted giants, as the Anakims; but the Moabites called them Emims.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Deuteronomy 2:20</span></b>
'<i>..</i></span></span><i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">giants </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">dwelt therein in old time; and the Ammonites call
them Zamzummims.</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+3:11&version=KJV"></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>Deuteronomy 3:11</b></span>
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant
of giants; behold his bedstead was a
bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits
was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a
man. (ibid: 13' long and 6' wide)</i><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4S5Sr-9RJtM/VBnxOfLkVOI/AAAAAAAAOqg/W49tkOIUCRs/s1600/OgsBedstead.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4S5Sr-9RJtM/VBnxOfLkVOI/AAAAAAAAOqg/W49tkOIUCRs/s1600/OgsBedstead.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Og of Bashan's bedstead</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="color: #660000; font-weight: bold;">Deuteronomy 3:13 </span><i>
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the
kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob,
with all Bashan, which was called the land of giants.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+12:4&version=KJV"></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Joshua 12:4</span></b> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And the coast of
Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+13:12&version=KJV"></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Joshua 13:12</span></b> <i>
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reigned in
Ashtaroth and in Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants: for these did Moses smite, and cast them out.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Joshua 15:8</span></b>
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And the border went up by the valley of the son of
Hinnom unto the south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the
border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the valley of
Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the valley of the giants northward:</i><br />
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Joshua 17:15</span></b>
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And Joshua answered them, If thou be a great
people, then get thee up to the wood country, and cut down for thyself there in
the land of the Perizzites and of the giants,
if mount Ephraim be too narrow for thee.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+18:16&version=KJV"></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Joshua 18:16</span></b>
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And the border came down to the end of the
mountain that lieth before the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the
valley of the giants on the north,
and descended to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of Jebusi on the south, and
descended to Enrogel,</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>Numbers 13:33</b></span><b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>ANAK, father of
the Anakim. 'The Hebrew spies said they were mere grass-hoppers in comparison
with these giants' (3)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">1 Samuel 17:4</span></b><span style="color: #b37162;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And there
went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six
cubits and a span.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">1Samuel 21:16 </span></b>
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">And Ishbibenob, which was of the sons of the <b>giant</b>, the weight of whose spear
weighed three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he being girded with a new
sword, thought to have slain David.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">2 Samuel 21:18</span></b> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">And it came to pass after this, that there was again a battle with the
Philistines at Gob: then Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Saph, which was of the
sons of the giant.</span></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">2 Samuel 21:20 </span></b> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great stature,
that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty
in number; and he also was born to the giant.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>2 Samuel 21:22 </b></span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">These four were born to the giant<b>
</b>in Gath, and fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>1 Chronicles 20:4 </b></span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>And it came to pass after this, that there arose war at Gezer with the
Philistines; at which time Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Sippai, that was of
the children of the giants: and they
were subdued.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Over 20 direct
references to Giants, their localities and families in the early biblical
texts, means their actual physical presence is factually historical. Based on
the above history, we will review the Cities of Bashan, the Capital City of Og,
King of Bashan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A note about
'Cubit' measurement.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> The 'Cubit' defines a precise unit measurement of
length. used throughout the period as a recognizable and valid measurement for
trade purposes. It was acknowledged by all trading partners as a standard unit
of measure. Actually, both Sumerian and Egyptian 'cubits' had two measurements,
one a 'common' measurement of 18”, and the other a 'Royal' measurement of 20.4”
. The 'common' cubit is recognized by most scholars as the unit of measure in
Biblical texts. That is how Goliath's 'six cubits and a span is converted to
9'9” in height. (a 'span' is exactly half a common cubit, or 9”.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u> Page 3 </u></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u><br /></u></span></i></div>
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<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Individual Giants referenced.</b><span style="font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>ANAK</b> </span> Father of a Clan of
Giants living in Cannan. (Num 12:28)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>ARBA</b> </span> Forefather of Anak
and the Anakim. (Josh 15:32, 21:11)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>AHIMAN</b> </span>A descendant of Arba
and Anak who lived in Kiriath-Arba, later called 'Hebron'. (Num 13:10) One of three giants driven out
of Hebron by Caleb. (Jos 15:14, Jud 1:10,
20)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <b><span style="color: #073763;">RAPHA</span></b> Early ancestor of all
the giant clans in Palestine-Bashan, including Anakites,Emites and Horites.
(Duet 2:10; 2 Sam 21:16,18,20,22; 1 Chron 20:4,6,8)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>SEPHAR </b></span> Another Anikite
patriarch like Arba. (Josh 15:15)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <b><span style="color: #073763;">OG </span></b>The King of Bashan, identified
as the last of “the Rephaites” is the largest giant referenced. Og ruled near
Mount Hermon, where according to Enoch, Angels sired the Nephilim. Og's army
was defeated and he was killed by the Isrealites near Edrei, while the Army was
still commanded by Moses. (Duet 3:1-11)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <b><span style="color: #073763;">SHESHAI </span></b> A descendant of Arba
and Anak who lived in Kiriath-Arba, later called 'Hebron'. (Num 13:10) One of three giants driven out
of Hebron by Caleb. (Jos 15:14, Jud
1:10, 20)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>TALMAI</b> </span> A descendant of Arba
and Anak who lived in Kiriath-Arba, later called 'Hebron'. (Num 13:10) One of three giants driven out
of Hebron by Caleb. (Jos 15:14, Jud
1:10, 20)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>GOLIATH</b></span> Was descendant from
the Anakim giants. Champion of the Philistines. Was about 9' 9" tall, wore armor
weighing 125 lbs, his spearhead weighed 15 lbs,
(1 Sam 17:4; Josh 11:22)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <b><span style="color: #073763;">LAHMI</span></b> A brother of Goliath,
from Gath. Used a spear similar to one used by Goliath. (1 Chron 20:5; 2 Sam
21:19)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">-<b><span style="color: #073763;"> ISHBI-BENOB</span></b> A giant living in
Gath with the Philistines in southern Canaan. Was killed by David's nephew
Abishai in a battle between Israelites and Philistines. His spearhead was 7.5
lbs, half the size of Goliath's spearhead. (2 Sam 21:15-27,22)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <b><span style="color: #073763;">SAPH or SAPPAI</span></b> Another giant
who lived with the Philistines in Gath. Was killed by one of David's men:
'Sibbachai the Hushathite'. (1 Chron 20:4,8; 2 Sam 21:18,22)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>Unnamed </b></span> A giant with 6
fingers on each hand, and 6 toes on each foot. (2 Sam 21:10-22; 1 Chron 20:6,8)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">- <span style="color: #073763;"><b>Unnamed</b></span> Another giant from
Gath, killed in battle by David's nephew, Jonathon.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u> Page 4 </u></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">The following is a chart of the Tribes and Clans of Giants from Bashan
- Mount Hermon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5GERrCyDl6k/VBnYIBWOIzI/AAAAAAAAOpY/TdjzZZqRwww/s1600/Tribes-Clans.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5GERrCyDl6k/VBnYIBWOIzI/AAAAAAAAOpY/TdjzZZqRwww/s1600/Tribes-Clans.png" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">The follow</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">ing data and information documents the modern era
re-discovery of many cities of Bashan by the 19<sup>th</sup> Century Explorer,
Josiah Porter. The account is taken from his book ' The Giant Cities of Bashan'
published in 1882.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">Bashan, City of Giants<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VwfHpWqXvZI/VBnYE7ScGgI/AAAAAAAAOok/O2IhHzj2C1I/s1600/Bashanity.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\John\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg">
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VwfHpWqXvZI/VBnYE7ScGgI/AAAAAAAAOok/O2IhHzj2C1I/s1600/Bashanity.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VwfHpWqXvZI/VBnYE7ScGgI/AAAAAAAAOok/O2IhHzj2C1I/s1600/Bashanity.png" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The ancient
territory of Bashan now lies in southern Lebanon, western Syria, and part of
the disputed Golan Heights. How could a province measuring not more than 30 by
20 miles (50 by 32 kilometers) support the reported number of fortified cities,
especially when the greater part of it was a wilderness of rock? But,
mysterious and incredible as this seems, the cities built and occupied 4,000
years ago by giants exist even yet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Nineteenth
century explorer, Josiah Porter, traversed their empty streets; he opened doors
of their houses; he slept peacefully in their long-deserted halls. From a tower
in one of them, Salcah, Porter counted some 30 towns and villages dotting the
surface of the plain. He reports: "On the spot, with my own eyes, I have
seen that it is literally true. The cities are there to this day. Some of them
retain the ancient names recorded in the Bible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sAJUFNleMaU/VBnYElAAUSI/AAAAAAAAOow/3FuIka2p_i8/s1600/BashanRuins.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sAJUFNleMaU/VBnYElAAUSI/AAAAAAAAOow/3FuIka2p_i8/s1600/BashanRuins.png" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">These 'cities'
are really walled towns normally only about a hectare (2½ acres) in area. They
appear to be scattered around the ancient fortress just outside El Khodor,
which is built on a high volcanic plug. This fortress has been built and
rebuilt several times since, but there is plenty of evidence of really ancient
foundations and structures dating well before the Roman ruins, which are very
obvious. I imagine that King Og (referred to in Numbers 21) ruled from this
fortress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">These ancient cities contain probably the very
oldest complete specimens of domestic architecture now existing in the world.
Various Bible writers describe Bashan as almost an earthly paradise - the
strength and grandeur of its oaks, the beauty of its mountain scenery, the unrivaled
luxuriance of its pastures, the fertility of its wide-spreading plains and the
excellence of its cattle. Remnants of the oak forests still clothe the
mountainsides. Ancient Bashan comprises a vast field of basalt, elevated some
30 feet above the plain. It is called the "Lejah". Here stood the
giant cities. Surrounding it was the fertile plain of Bashan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zc_Hm10xOV0/VBnYEMCg9_I/AAAAAAAAOoY/RojDYzFDUpY/s1600/BashanDoorway.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zc_Hm10xOV0/VBnYEMCg9_I/AAAAAAAAOoY/RojDYzFDUpY/s1600/BashanDoorway.png" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Worldwide, most
ancient cities have vanished. Not so Bashan. It is literally crowded with towns
and large villages - most of them, until recently, deserted. Yet they are not
ruined! Many of the houses in these cities are perfect, as if only finished
yesterday. The walls are sound, the roofs unbroken, the doors, and even the
window-shutters in place. The walls of the cities are 15 feet thick and 30 feet
high”. “ Porter found the huge gates still in place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Some of the buildings in the city of Bozrah would
grace the proudest modern Western city. These ancient streets are paved - still
perfect, not a stone out of place. Even the walls of houses are up to eight
feet thick, built of large squared blocks of basalt, without cement. The roofs
are made of basalt slabs, cut like planks and reaching from wall to wall. Heavy
slabs form the ceilings. The very doors and window-shutters are of stone. The
massive doors hang upon pivots, working in sockets, as do the window-shutters.
The black basalt used is almost as hard as iron. Porter measured doors 9 feet
high by 4½ feet wide and 10 inches thick. In one door was seen a place for a
massive lock. The doors are tastefully ornamented with panels and garlands of
fruit and flowers, sculptured in relief.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tqh661XQATk/VBnYEeHqODI/AAAAAAAAOqE/2Ye_kVkgsT0/s1600/BashanDoorwayLG.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tqh661XQATk/VBnYEeHqODI/AAAAAAAAOqE/2Ye_kVkgsT0/s1600/BashanDoorwayLG.png" height="224" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Rooms inside
private houses measure up to 20 feet high. Here are huge rooms and apartments
in perfect preservation. One by one, Porter entered some of these old houses,
went up stairs and visited the rooms. Moss grows over the ruins. Groups of
tapering columns spring up from the dense foliage of the oaks. Luxuriant
creepers twist around the pillars. Brambles grow in festoons over the doorways.
Branches of trees shoot through gaping cracks in some old walls. Owls flap
their wings and foxes and jackals scamper along the streets.</span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">When Porter explored this area, he was stunned. So
perfect was every street, every house, every room - so perfect, yet not a
sound. Huge houses built among wild rocks, hundreds of houses per city, still
perfect, but not a man to dwell in them. Remains of fountains and statues.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The rocks are
black, the soil is black, the buildings are all black - but not gloomy. The
grass is green, the oak foliage, glittering in the sun, is brilliant. The
private houses bear the marks of the most remote antiquity. They leave us to
conclude that the cities were built by giants - a race of giants that has been
extinct for more than 3,000 years. Porter noted that the highways of Bashan
were still in place, completely covered here and there, with the branches of
oak trees and straggling brambles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">"There is
plenty of evidence of ancient black basalt 'cities', mostly within modern
townships, which are integrated with the ruins. Some of the evidence is very
good, including the high-arched doorway into a large house in Al Harisah, which
has cleverly designed, high-arched stone ceilings. It supports a new house
which has just been plonked on top, with livestock and accumulating debris
occupying the rooms below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">* From (J.
Porter, The Giant Cities of Bashan, T. Nelson and Son, London, 1882)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u> Page 5 </u></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u><br /></u></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Other
Giant Related Anomalies<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Without making
any unnecessary claims, the 20 or so references to several dozen different
giants and remnants of giants, as well as clans and tribes, is historically
accurate, because the city of Bashan with 10′ doorways and 12′ rooms is
standing proof of that claim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> What you have is historical (Old Testament)
records of Giants, (Og, King of Bashan, and Goliath and his 4 siblings 400
years later), and actual Archaeological remains of entire cities, from Bashan
to the megalithic ruins of Baalbek, and Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem
indicating that giants, their cities and their megalithic stonework were more
likely than not, a historical fact in the region of the Golan Heights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zuy3GnFGRAU/VBnYGqy-XLI/AAAAAAAAOpE/q8nGd4JCf5Y/s1600/Goliath.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zuy3GnFGRAU/VBnYGqy-XLI/AAAAAAAAOpE/q8nGd4JCf5Y/s1600/Goliath.png" height="320" width="230" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">What is also
interesting in this light is that Mount Hermon in the Bashan district was a
major religious center before Jerusalem was organized as the seat of King
David’s empire. In addition, the ancient platforms of Baalbek are less than 30
miles north of the city of Bashan. Also, it is noteworthy that the great cut
and worked stone building materials of Bashan, as well as the giant stones of
Baalbek and the megaliths under Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem have many of the
same characteristics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MG9l8BCF2T0/VBnYD3_JagI/AAAAAAAAOoQ/8Pww23uHSSM/s1600/BalbeekWalls.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MG9l8BCF2T0/VBnYD3_JagI/AAAAAAAAOoQ/8Pww23uHSSM/s1600/BalbeekWalls.png" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> </span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">That is, they are very large, well dressed and put
in place with an accuracy that is as advanced as modern stone cutting
capabilities. It has often been speculated by non biblical theorists, that the
stones were moved by “..either Extraterrestrials or by Giants….” The historical
records support ‘Giants’ as the most likely answer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The specific
information regarding historical references to the Giants of the Old Testament
seems to be as accurate and compelling as any ancient document, and seems to
have much factual data that can be verified outside the boundaries of faith and
prejudice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YuFMMYmj-2U/VBnYJZlvxvI/AAAAAAAAOqI/aY3_vETPKX4/s1600/templeplatform.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YuFMMYmj-2U/VBnYJZlvxvI/AAAAAAAAOqI/aY3_vETPKX4/s1600/templeplatform.png" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> </span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">What it tells us is that a descendant race of
Giants lived around the Golan Heights within the historical record, they built
megalithic (surviving) cities in the Bashan region, and it seems to me, more
likely rather than less likely that they or their per-catastrophic predecessors
(Nephilim) were involved in the building of local megalithic sites like the
Temple base at Baalbek and the Temple base in Jerusalem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span class="StrongEmphasis"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Reports of Giants in the USA</b></span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The following information will review other published data and
information from other secular sources from the USA and other world locations
that document artifacts and evidence of giant humans. </span><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">From
www.stangrist.com</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-weVIOx6ocac/VBnYI7Yh9uI/AAAAAAAAOpw/KhFYcVIL088/s1600/giantTeeth.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-weVIOx6ocac/VBnYI7Yh9uI/AAAAAAAAOpw/KhFYcVIL088/s1600/giantTeeth.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">"A skeleton which is reported to have been of enormous
dimensions" was found in a clay coffin, with a sandstone slab containing
hieroglyphics, during mound explorations by a Dr Everhart near Zanesville,
Ohio.(<i>American Antiquarian</i>, v3, 1880,
pg61)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Ten skeletons "of both sexes and of gigantic size" were taken
from a mound at Warren, Minnesota, 1883. (St. Paul <i>Pioneer Press</i>, May 23, 1883)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A skeleton 7 feet 6 inches long was found in a massive stone structure
that was likened to a temple chamber within a mound in Kanawha County, West
Virginia, in 1884. (<i>American Antiquarian</i>,
v6, 1884 133f. Cyrus Thomas, <i>Report on
Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology</i>, 12th Annual Report,
Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A large mound near Gasterville, Pennsylvania, contained a vault in
which was found a skeleton measuring 7 feet 2 inches. Inscriptions were carved
on the vault. (<i>American Antiquarian</i>,
v7, 1885, 52f)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">In 1885, miners discovered the mummified remains of woman measuring 6
feet 8 inches tall holding an infant. The mummies were found in a cave behind a
wall of rock in the Yosemite Valley.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">In Minnesota, 1888, were discovered remains of seven skeletons 7 to 8
feet tall. (St. Paul <i>Pioneer Press</i>,
June 29, 1888)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A mound near Toledo, Ohio, held 20 skeletons, seated and facing east
with jaws and teeth "twice as large as those of present day people,"
and besides each was a large bowl with "curiously wrought hieroglyphic
figures." (Chicago <i>Record</i>,
Oct. 24, 1895; cited by Ron G. Dobbins, <i>NEARA Journal</i>, v13, fall 1978)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The skeleton of a huge man was uncovered at the Beckley farm, Lake
Koronis, Minnesota; while at Moose Island and Pine City, bones of other giants
came to light. (St. Paul <i>Globe</i>,
Aug. 12, 1896)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">In 1911, several red-haired mummies ranging from 6 and a half feet to 8
feet tall were discovered in a cave in Lovelock, Nevada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">In February and June of 1931, large skeletons were found in the
Humboldt lake bed near Lovelock, Nevada. The first of these two skeletons found
measured 8 1/2 feet tall and appeared to have been wrapped in a gum-covered
fabric similar to the Egyptian manner. The second skeleton was almost 10 feet
long.(<i>Review - Miner</i>, June 19, 1931)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A 7 foot 7 inch skeleton was reported to have been found on the
Friedman ranch, near Lovelock, Nevada, in 1939.(<i>Review - Miner</i>, Sept. 29, 1939) In 1965, a skeleton measuring 8
feet 9 inches was found buried under a rock ledge along the Holly Creek in
east-central Kentucky.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">What the above means is that a remnant of a race of giants survived
into the early 16<sup>th</sup> century (1519-1522). It gives full force and
credit to other reported encounters with giants in the Americas by Europeans
during that time period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">It also gives foundation credit to other reports of giants in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East and
other eras.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u> Page 7 </u></span></i></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Newspaper Reports</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The following clippings are from various newspaper accounts, though
most are sourced through the New York Times.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Giants
and Megaliths<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Megalithic construction requires a 'motive' process that appears to be
well beyond the functional physical limitations of modern humans. Though when
the reality of Giant hominid capabilities (in terms of weight to strength
ratios) are applied to the motive problem, it nearly disappears.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">First it is necessary to understand the nature of the physical
increases in strength between different sizes of humans. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VIwcbeDFI3U/VBnYDSao65I/AAAAAAAAOoM/Wfqye8ZeZYQ/s1600/AngusMackaskill.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VIwcbeDFI3U/VBnYDSao65I/AAAAAAAAOoM/Wfqye8ZeZYQ/s1600/AngusMackaskill.png" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The best evidence is
from the Guinness Book of World Records regarding the 'World's Tallest “Natural
Giant” in Recorded History', Angus Mackaskill, a Scotsman from Burneray, who
lived from 1825 to 1863. He was a 'true' giant, meaning he was of normal
proportions, suffering no abnormalities. He was 7' 9” tall and weighed just
over 500 lbs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">His strength was legendary, and he is reported to
have lifted and easily carried a ship's anchor weighing 2,300 lbs the length of
the dock. Many other instances are recorded of Angus carrying individual 300
lbs loggerhead barrels under each arm. Based on eye witness testimony, it is
reasonable to assume that he could lift and easily carry more than the average
of 1.5 times his body weight. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">That ratio of height to strength means an
increase of roughly 28% in body <u>height</u> results in a 250% increase in
body <u>weight</u> and muscle mass. Using the standard model of 150% of body
weight as lifting capacity, his <u>strength</u> (lift weight) limit can easily
be determined at about 750 lbs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lWqmbUcx1Po/VBnYIS3i5iI/AAAAAAAAOpg/S1qk180dB4Q/s1600/giantHeight-Weight.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lWqmbUcx1Po/VBnYIS3i5iI/AAAAAAAAOpg/S1qk180dB4Q/s1600/giantHeight-Weight.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Which means that a 10'
tall giant would weigh roughly 1,275 lbs and would have a lifting capacity of
about 1,912 lbs. While a 12'4” giant would weigh about 3,200 lbs with a lifting
capacity of about 4,820 lbs, which is
about 2.5 tons. At that rate 25 giants
could lift 100 ton, and 250 could lift 1000 ton.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Megalithic
stone blocks that weighed more than 1000 ton could potentially be managed with
as few as 250 (12') giants even if they had no more technical or mechanical
support than ropes, slings and pulleys. Of course, if the giants had minimal
levels of some kinds of technical or mechanical support, the largest trilithon
blocks might have been moved by a significantly fewer number of movers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3zLWRhLyTQI/VBnYIIaX16I/AAAAAAAAOqA/pT5D-I_UsqE/s1600/ThunderStone.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3zLWRhLyTQI/VBnYIIaX16I/AAAAAAAAOqA/pT5D-I_UsqE/s1600/ThunderStone.png" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">A mechanical rigging
engineer can explain the rudiments of moving dead weight with little more than
serious rigging (block and tackle systems. 'The Thunder Stone', the largest single block
of stone in the modern era to have been moved by human power alone. The Thunder
Stone is the single monolith weighing over 1,200 ton, used as the base for the
statue of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was moved several miles
in under 9 months, with a crew of 400 odd workers, and no horses or machinery,
just block and tackle rigging and large caster ball bearings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e5ADSyuH6eQ/VBnYH83j-0I/AAAAAAAAOpc/riDlW_oppQM/s1600/PregnantWomanStone.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e5ADSyuH6eQ/VBnYH83j-0I/AAAAAAAAOpc/riDlW_oppQM/s1600/PregnantWomanStone.png" height="165" width="320" /></a><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_135" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 155.25pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 101.4pt; margin-top: 93.75pt; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 300.75pt; z-index: -251586560;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">This discussion reagarding the Balbeek 'Trilithons' is narrowly focused on the factors
relating to moving the blocks from their quarry beds. The first quarry is about
a quarter mile downhill away from the site, and the other is about 2 miles
distant across rugged terrain. I do not approach the technical nature of
cutting and releasing the stones from their quarry bed. That discussion, when
broached, should include a review of the large circular cutting-abrasion
patterns that can still be seen in the quarry, as well as those visible on some
of the unfinished stones. (Please note the long upward angled pattern grooves
near the red marks in the upper right section of the block. Those appear to be regular stone cutting saw marks.)</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u> Page 10 </u></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">What the evidence seems to indicate is: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Originally,
"there were a race of giants." <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aZjVw91CCRg/VBnYGHzf7vI/AAAAAAAAOpA/M32HXiNbZ-M/s1600/GiantSizes.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aZjVw91CCRg/VBnYGHzf7vI/AAAAAAAAOpA/M32HXiNbZ-M/s1600/GiantSizes.png" height="244" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Their intellect and physical powers remains
legendary. They built colossal megalithic buildings, cities, towns, roads, and
walls (enclosures), They may have had other forms of advanced technology,
though all that remains of their technology is very large stone artifacts, some
primitive tools, and skeletal and funerary remains. It seems that the earliest
megalithic remnants appear to be the most sophisticated, with the largest and
best dressed megaliths at or near the bottom of ancient construction, with newer
materials, both smaller and less sophisticated are built over and on top of the
larger stones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">It is rational to conclude, that if very large
dinosaurs lived alongside giant humans, the size disparity between them would
preclude carnivorous dinosaurs from hunting giant hominids to extinction. An
example is that the largest T-Rex stood around 18' tall. If a hominid was
significantly taller, then the T Rex was probably not hunting that particular
giant hominid. At least it was a more 'equal' fight for survival, with the
giant hominid would have had a significant advantage. A series, over time of
global Super Cataclysm disasters wiped out that original world, and drastically
altered the topography, fertility, climate and Electrostatic Density (G force)
of the planet, reducing over time all previous (giant) flora and fauna
including dinosaurs and hominids.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Over time those disasters left surviving 'groups'
in isolation from each other in specific 'pockets' around the world. Based on
Haplogroup X markers, O neg blood type, and linguistic roots, the related areas
and groups are; The North Berbers of the Atlas range, Canary Islanders, the
Basque, the Druze of Lebanon, the Celts, the Sumerians, as well as other groups
in Kashmir, Western China, the Gobi,
North America, South America, and areas of the Pacific rim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">In the impoverished environment which followed the last Super
Catastrophe 7,000 years ago, degeneration was accelerated. However, for some
time there persisted a significant, though decreasing proportion of hominids
who retained enormous stature. It is a possibility that remnants of those
giants still exist today as Bigfoot, Sasquatch, Alma, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">There seems to be several different form characteristics, with three
distinguishing features. The first is that some earlier ancestor giants were
not only of giant stature, but also long lived, with lifespans several times
that of modern humans. Others descendants of the original Nephilim, 'devolved'
or degenerated to what seems to be a larger form of marginal Neanderthals. And
last there appears to be significantly different body sizes and types. One
feature is that 'some' specific (but not all) giants had 6 fingers and 6 toes,
and a double row of teeth. This distinctive trait is seen all over the world.
Another trait is that 'some' (but not all) giants were 'red skinned or red
men', and some had red or russet hair.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The most significant characteristic is the difference in size range.
Using the historical record, the size range of the early current Epoch giants
and predecessors were 9' to 16' in height. That is for the giants that we have
specific records of. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(OG the king of Bashan) was a little over 12' tall. About 400 years
later, the general size had been reduced to between 9' and 10.5” (Goliath and
his brothers), which suggests a significant 'survivable' population) The average size of the giants up through
the post Colombian era seems to be about 7.5' to 10' tall. This group includes
the Patagonian Giants and other North and South American giants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The above information is taken from historical records. There are
thousands of additional records of various giants found in all kinds of
circumstances, with various degrees of evidene including skeletal remains, oversized tools and reliable first hand reports over the last 2,500
years. It is not the intention of this paper to add information that is widely
available elsewhere on the internet. The purpose of this paper is to look at
the historical records, and determine if the credible testimony contained in that
record will substantiate the existence of giants in our current Epoch. (From 7,000 years ago to present) That
such giants lived in and near the City of Bashan and Mt Hermon; and were hunted
to near extinction by Moses and Joshua are historically recorded facts. The city
of Bashan stands in mute testimony to their presence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">The evidence for Giants in our Epoch, indicates they are descendents from a race of Giants that co-existed with Modern Humans, Cro Magnon, Neanderthals and </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">other hominid species </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12pt;">prior to the Last Great Cataclysm of 7,000 years ago. They, like other giant flora and fauna declined in stature, and then finally going nearly extinct as a species sometime in the last 1,500 years, with a very few remote and isolated pockets, like the Patagonia Giants surviving into a post Columbian period.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">As a final note, I would include the distinct possibility that one of the 6 cataclysm during the last 15,000 years of the post ice age, included a drastic increase in the 'G' force of this planet, thereby causing the extinction of most giant flora and fauna, including giant humans. If that </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12pt;"> is the case, it would explain 'blood and tissue' remains in various non fosselized dinosaur bones that have been 14c tested, returning dates of less than 12,000 years before present. In fact, my next paper will make that case, conclusively.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">John Jensen – Oct. 2010<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><i style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u> Page 11 </u></span></i></div>
Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-65925516382040680492014-09-03T15:03:00.002-07:002016-07-03T18:19:10.275-07:00Ancient Canal Builders Overview<div align="center" class="Standard" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #20124d;">John M Jensen</span><span style="color: #c6d9f1;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Table
of Contents<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Intro – Overview............................................................................ 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ancient Canal Builders.................................................................. 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Florida Offshore Sunken Harbor
H-1.............................................
4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Florida Offshore Sunken Harbor
H-2............................................. 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">North Key Largo, Florida................................................................ 6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">East Cedar Beach, NY................................................................... 7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Point of Woods, NY........................................................................ 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">East Moriches, NY.......................................................................... 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accomac, VA................................................................................ 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Newark, MD.................................................................................. 11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Matamoros, Mexico....................................................................... 12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tampamachoco, MX..................................................................... 13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ancient ICW.................................................................................. 14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Holocene Sea Level Rise.............................................................. 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tidal Shelf..................................................................................... 18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">End of 3rd Meltwater Pulse........................................................... 19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Storegga Event............................................................................. 20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dogger Banks Inundation............................................................. 22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Bosporus Strait Breach................................................................. 23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tsunami Debris............................................................................ 24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Niagara Falls .............................................................................. 25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Minnesota Falls .......................................................................... 26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Windover Bog Culture.................................................................. 27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Turnbull Ruins.............................................................................. 28</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Isle Royal Copper Mines.............................................................. 29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Summary - Conclusion ................................................................ 30</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">My FREE book, 'Earth Epochs is available here: </span></b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><b>https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/536932</b></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bZ4GfE1GMBE/VAcGZOnwJkI/AAAAAAAAOgQ/Pl_PmAKwD0M/s1600/tower.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="307" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bZ4GfE1GMBE/VAcGZOnwJkI/AAAAAAAAOgQ/Pl_PmAKwD0M/s1600/tower.png" width="320" /></a><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This journey started out with the discovery of a highly complex
and technically advanced civilization, called the 'Ancient Canal Builders’,
which existed on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the US, prior to 7,000 years
ago. Remnant sunken harbors, channels
and canals are very sophisticated construction projects, demonstrating a
balance of engineering and construction capabilities that rival modern
technologies. What we found was an entire network of canals and channels,
mostly deteriorating into and under the existing water table, suggesting a very
large, sophisticated, technically advanced culture built them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In addition, we were able to ascertain that a majority of the
Intracoastal Waterway is in fact an ancient system, and only parts of it have
been taken over and re-dredged for modern use. Proof of this concept is the
channels and canals in Long Island Sound, NY and the sunken offshore harbors in
Florida. Many of these canals are more than 300’ in width, many miles in
length, and are sunken and degraded into the water table. Extensions of the
ancient system exist as far as 400 miles into Central Mexico. </span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Data based on ocean level
rise, ice core readings, and geological core drill evidence from around the world;
provide substantial evidence for a major earth changing event about 7,000 years
ago. We are only now beginning to understand the magnitude and scope of that
event, as well as beginning the understanding of the civilizations which fit
into the period (Epoch) prior to the event. The purpose of this book is to
provide evidence for that correlation, including evidence of pre-cataclysmic
giant flora and fauna, including plants, trees, insects, giants, other
hominids, dinosaurs, and flyers.</span> <span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">As a civilization, we are just now beginning to look at
global evidence of long past ancient cultures, and begin to collectively
recognize that mute testimony in stone and other artifacts point to
sophistication absolutely unknown to a Stone Age mentality. The precision of
stone cutting and dressing on the Giza Plateau as well as the broken buildings
of Puma Punku in Bolivia provide testimony to a lost technology that is at
least as sophisticated as our own, a technology that probably included space
flight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">We will look at the facts that support a chronology that
Dinosaurs and Giants lived well into the mid Holocene, and that evidence
supports that position to the exclusion of all other explanations for the data
and information. We will look at more than 40 DNA and Carbon 14 tests performed
on un-fossilized dinosaur bones returning dates of between 12K and 42K years
ago. In particular we will focus on the T-Rex hind limb discovered by Dr. Mary
Schweitzer that contains “…elastic collagen and hemoglobin elements…” Either
that dinosaur lived at most, between 12,000 and 15,000 years ago, and Science
and Academia are grossly in error, or some biological or other fantastic
miracle occurred to preserve “hemoglobin elements” across the 65 million years
Science appends to the last extinction of dinosaurs. I prefer the first option;
it is a lot more reasonable and rational than the fantastic stories presented
by traditional Science and Academia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ancient Canal Builders<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K_8JtXZPFnc/VAcJelaHBtI/AAAAAAAAOgY/5uNJdtweEwU/s1600/sj-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K_8JtXZPFnc/VAcJelaHBtI/AAAAAAAAOgY/5uNJdtweEwU/s1600/sj-1.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt;">The Ancient Canal Builders were a highly complex and
technically advanced civilization that lived on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of
North America, prior to 7,100 years ago. Spread out over an area from Long
Island Sound, New Jersey, Chesapeake Bay, North Carolina, Florida, to Mexico,
evidence of their existence and enormous size and range of their capabilities
suggests they represent a population in access of 200-500 million people.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Ancient Canal Builders
had very advanced canal building capabilities. Remnant channels and canals are
very sophisticated construction projects, demonstrating a balance of
engineering and construction capabilities that rival modern technologies.
Ancient Canal Builders created and used several types of canal systems, but are
most easily identified by their sunken offshore harbors and connecting canals. The Ancient Canal Builders were a seafaring
or ocean-based complex society with natural resources, transportation,
agriculture and aquaculture as their internal and external or Atlantic based
trade system. Based on common sense, systems of controls, to included
government, security, commerce, communication, entertainment, and other social
structural systems, would have been required to function as a society in these
numbers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The major feature of this dominant transportation style
is the long distance, straight line canal, many over 300 feet wide, and some
well over 85 miles long. Another major characteristic is the sunken harbors and
connecting canals that appear to be much like our modern- 'near the ocean' industrial
systems, which include underwater harbors and dock-like features. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Based on the size and length of their massive engineering projects, like
the Florida Harbor, H-1 requires a population base large enough to have ready
resources to undertake massive building projects. Population densities around
the Atlantic Rim would have the same relative levels, suggesting an Atlantic
Dispersion population greater than 200-500 million prior to 7,100 BP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">We, as a
modern society, have taken over and currently use many of the canals and
channels as our own modern ‘creations’. It is very likely that much of the
current Inter Coastal Waterway all the way into Central Mexico are re-dredged
sections of an earlier system. Many sunken harbors canal systems are entirely
under current sea level at a depth between 6' and 15'. Based on known sea level
rise during the Holocene that provides a date certain of 7,100 to 7,300 years
ago for their demise or 'latest possible use date'. The diffusion and
distribution of Atlantic rim based populations prior to a major catastrophic
event, is postulated as the 'Atlantic Dispersion Theory'. Examples are the Windover
Bog people of circa 7,300 years ago as well as the Ancient Canal Builders.</span><span lang="EN" style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The following examples of offshore
harbors and canals are taken from our website.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 4</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Florida Offshore Sunken Harbor H-1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K_8JtXZPFnc/VAcJelaHBtI/AAAAAAAAOgY/5uNJdtweEwU/s1600/sj-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K_8JtXZPFnc/VAcJelaHBtI/AAAAAAAAOgY/5uNJdtweEwU/s1600/sj-1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This harbor is located about 2.2 miles offshore in the
open ocean. It rests on a high tidal shoulder beside a large land egress
channel. Length of the main body of the harbor is something over 9,000’ to
10,000’, with a widened harbor to the left, and an additional 3,000' exit canal
toward the open ocean. Based on harbors of similar sizes today, we can estimate
the depth of the cut harbor to be 35' to 45' deep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The volume of material cut, transported and disposed was
roughly 45,000,000 (forty five million) cubic yards. At an average cost in
dollars today of about $12 per cubic yard, this project looks like the beginning
of a colossal engineering project in the $538,000,000 (MILLION) dollar range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">At this level of material, a minimum of technical
machinery including dredge cutters, piping, barges and a whole range of
equipment would be required. Although mega projects of this size have been
accomplished in the past, using manpower alone, (such as the great wall of
China), nothing on this order has ever been shown to have been done in the
cutting and dredging of harbors of this size, while at the same time being involved
with several other like projects, as demonstrated by Harbor 'H-2', about 65
miles distant,, and others like sites. Based on casual observation alone, it is
evident this harbor was not completed with manpower alone, but with some very
sophisticated machinery and equipment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ocean depth at the tidal shoulder (edge of the harbor) is
estimated to be between 6’ and 9’ deep, but could be as much as 12’ to 15’
deep. Those depths place a date certain, based on Ocean Level Rise, of between
7,200 and 7,400 years before present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">We think that this civilization was destroyed by a super
mega cataclysm, and if so, it is entirely plausible, if not likely, that some
residue artifacts in stone, pottery and possible other</span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">unknown materials, are preserved in
the mud and silt at the bottom of this harbor. We intend to be the first to
find out. We are NOT releasing location coordinates on this site pending our
own expedition dive. If you are interested in joining the expedition to this
site, please let us know.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 5</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Florida Sunken Offshore Harbor H-2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I9RVxEAOoKo/VAcKTBgLuJI/AAAAAAAAOgg/j9igZEhQmuQ/s1600/harbor2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I9RVxEAOoKo/VAcKTBgLuJI/AAAAAAAAOgg/j9igZEhQmuQ/s1600/harbor2.PNG" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In addition to this amazing
underwater artifact, there is an existing causeway or roadway that extends from
the harbor edge northeast, terminating at the secondary tidal shoulder of the
current shoreline. As a rough estimate, this structure as an engineering
project would consist of cutting, dredging, removal and disposal of approximately
8,100,000 cubic yards of material. Total project cost in today’s dollars of
roughly $6 per cubic yard of material means this project had a budget of just
under $50 million dollars.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oabc76bIbUo/VAcRHaYgD4I/AAAAAAAAOgs/hmyr0uLweGs/s1600/road.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oabc76bIbUo/VAcRHaYgD4I/AAAAAAAAOgs/hmyr0uLweGs/s1600/road.PNG" width="293" /></a><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Harbor 2, sits on the
tertiary tidal shoulder and appears to be in the range of 6’ to 9’ below
current mean tide level. If so, that means its relative build and use date had
to be within a very tight window between 7,200 and 7,300 years ago. At that
time, the Third Meltwater Pulse Ocean Level was rising at the rate of more than
5’ per 100 years. Since Ocean Rise is established to be slightly more than 5
feet over the last 7,000 years, an additional 3-5 would indicate a depth of
6-9’ to be roughly equivalent to 7,200 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The road or causeway that
extends from the harbor northeast to the shoreline is about 2.0 mile long, and
is degraded and covered over with sand in several places. This section is more
degraded closest to the harbor proper, then retains its original shape of the section closest to the shoreline. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This harbor has many
features similar to Harbor 1, which is about 65 miles distance; both are very near, or on the edge of a deep
water channel that goes out through the continental shelf to the open ocean.
Edges of the harbor edge or shoulder are currently estimated to be between 6'
and 9' beneath mean tide ocean level. Its depth suggests it is contemporary
with the Bimini Road as well as other Harbors and canals at this depth. Ocean
level rise dating suggests this Harbor was inundated between 7,000 and 7,100
years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">North Key Largo, FL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hYts9YUyFJA/VAcR1OwNOgI/AAAAAAAAOg0/Eir97cz5Qro/s1600/Ley%2BLargo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hYts9YUyFJA/VAcR1OwNOgI/AAAAAAAAOg0/Eir97cz5Qro/s1600/Ley%2BLargo.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This site is a series of
inlet canals that are grown over and silted in, eroding back into the
landscape. The center canal is one of the largest (if older) ones found to
date. It is about 2,700’ long to the end of the ‘silted in’ paddle head. The
original width is about 350’ and the newer section is about 170’ wide. The old
section of the south canal is about 445’ wide, and the newer section is about
220’ wide, the north canal is about 85’ wide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The curved S sections
connecting the canals are completely silted in and grown over. To the right, an
unused, unconnected cut canal goes out to open water. There is substantial berm
around the open water cut canal, indicating it was built when the tidal shelf
was above water. Of significance is the moat canal surrounding this complex.
All indications are that this complex is one of the older shore based complex
systems found to date. It certainly may not date to -7,000 ybp, but it is much
older than the 200 odd years our modern culture has been settling the South
Florida Keys. It may very well postdate the offshore Harbors. Berm soil samples
need to be taken here for a relatively accurate C-14 dating sample.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This complex appears to
have two building and use periods, one that is less structured and has the
appearance of being built on top of the old system. The original berm on this
center canal includes the large rectangle paddle head. The second berm seems to
have been cut out of the silted over section. It is not possible in this
preview, to do justice to the many features of this complex, and much field work
is required to make serious statements of potential purpose and function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">I will agree this complex
does not appear to support a 5' rise in ocean level, but it certainly could and
would support a 1" plus raise, putting the date of this complex somewhere
between 4,500 and 5,800 years ago. In any case it is not modern, meaning it was
not built in the last 200 or so years of Florida expansion. There are many
other shore based complexes in the keys that show at least a three tiered tidal
shoulder that is about 2' deep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">East Cedar Beach, NY</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QIaG-oXROQs/VAcSy36l6vI/AAAAAAAAOg8/4iYOPHvjkHs/s1600/medcu.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QIaG-oXROQs/VAcSy36l6vI/AAAAAAAAOg8/4iYOPHvjkHs/s1600/medcu.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Traces of a very old and degraded canal that crosses Cedar Island is
clearly evident in the photo below. It goes out across the sand spit to open
water. i.e. Long Island Sound.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Point of Woods,
Long Island, NY</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The larger harbor on the left is about 1,125' in length and about 270' in
width. That it is an egress or exit-entry canal is demonstrated by its very
narrow width, at most about 25' wide, suggesting use of this harbor was for
small, noncommercial watercraft. The smaller harbor to the right is about 335'
in length and about 160' in width. Its egress canal is wider at about 60'. This
harbor is too small to handle any small to medium (under 100') commercial or
industrial shipping. It is more likely; both of these harbors had some kind of
commercial connection at the time of their construction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mHT_gQoHrLs/VAcUMHGwakI/AAAAAAAAOhM/YRfm2KRbkiw/s1600/site.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mHT_gQoHrLs/VAcUMHGwakI/AAAAAAAAOhM/YRfm2KRbkiw/s1600/site.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Both are built on the secondary tidal plain, up against the secondary
tidal shoulder. The tidal shoulder's sunken land edge is estimated to be about
6' deep. It is obvious these harbors have absolutely no connection to any
current shore side use. And it is also obvious these harbors were constructed
at substantial cost and must have had a reasonable cost-value for the
expenditures. In general Corp of Engineer bid for just the larger harbor, if it
were 20' deep, would mean an excavation of about 675,000 cubic yards, in
today's bid dollars of about $8-$12 per cubic yard means the project has a
value of about $6.7 Million. That is way too much money to spend without purpose
or reason.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">These two harbors are linch pin proof that harbors were constructed in Long Island Sound when the water table was about 6' lower than current tidal shoulder depth. These two harbors 'butt up' to what was, at the time, the current shore line. That shoreline is now about 6' underwater. These harbors were NOT dredged as 'land fill' material, because such use would NOT require an exit or egress canal, as these harbors exhibit.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">East Moriches,
Long Island, NY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This is an absolutely stunning piece of evidence. This is part of the
Moriches channel, near the eastern end of Long Island. This unnamed lower
center island has degraded, with aged sand spill covering over the deeper Moriches
channel. Just to the right, tidal flow and sand spill has completely degraded
the channel. Sand spill from the small island to the right has overfilled the
degraded channel. The depth here is very interesting, as it appears to be
different and deeper than the secondary tidal shoulder, or at least the
tertiary tidal shoulder, and maybe deeper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The long channel just above the lower island has been ‘filled in’ by
erosion. The channel originally continued East where a secondary tidal shoulder
is evidenced above the lower island. A further channel at a 90 degree angle
runs north into an unused harbor. The most significant feature of this complex
is the tidal wash to the right or East of the center island. This tide wash has
silted in and covered over the underlying channel to a degree of nearly
obliterating the channel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The suggestion of the tidal wash is that the lower ‘opening’ to the ocean
is more recent than the long large East West channel, and that opening or
breach caused the tidal wash action to eventually cover over or ‘silt in’ the
long channel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In my opinion, the erosion and tidal wash at this location is proof
positive this system was built long before our current use of this area. In
addition, the lack of any dock or shore side use for such a large complex
system is mute testimony to its ancient use and function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This is irrefutable evidence of the age of the Ancient Canals, channels
and harbors on Long Island Sound.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In following chapters we will look at and discuss an additional dozen
locations in both the US and Mexico.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Accomac, VA</span></b><span style="color: navy; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This is a major channel, about 5 miles long, dredged
from the ocean outlet north of here, to the delta estuary to the south. This
channel is averages about 160 feet wide. The north ocean outlet seems to be
completely silted over and filled in, assuring this channel is neither an ICW
extension, or built by modern builders. There is no obvious outlet at the south
end. The area does not appear to have commercial or industrial requirements for
a channel of this nature, nor does it have any small craft requirements. This
is a fairly rural area. This is a strong candidate for further site analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Overall depth here is about the same as the shallow
offshore harbors in Long Island Sound, or about 5’ at mean water. This sound is
a primary tidal shoulder and its existence is probably less than + or – 5,500
years old.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">As a construction project, this channel is more than
5 miles in length, with additional sections at both the north and south ends.
It is about 160'' wide on average,, and approximately 20' deep, which equates
to about 1,870,000 cubic yards per mile. In today's dollars this kind of new
cut channel is bid out in Corp of Engineers projects at about $4 per cubic
yard, for a total cost of about $7,480,000 per mile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In today's dollars, this 5 mile channel would cost
about $37 MILLION to build. That is a substantial amount of money for a channel
that starts nowhere, goes nowhere and serves no shore side purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This channel is part of the argument that most of the
ICW is an older (ancient) system, and has been dredged and repurposed for
modern use, leaving old sections like the above as mute testimony of the
ancient nature of the system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Newark, MD<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">These are two very old
and degraded docks or quays in rural Maryland. The longer one to the right is
about 700’ long and about 65’ wide, and probably between 6’ - 9' deep. These
were not built for local rural use, and are slightly overkill for small boat
access, particularly because the exit or egress opening has not been cleaned
out or re-dredged.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MGS1YfFQkW8/VAcXSAGhmlI/AAAAAAAAOhk/9BxHBScKMdg/s1600/newark1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="325" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MGS1YfFQkW8/VAcXSAGhmlI/AAAAAAAAOhk/9BxHBScKMdg/s1600/newark1.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Small craft access is
very expensive to dig out of hard scrabble land, and in fact, extremely
expensive. These canals represent about 80,000 cubic yards of material excavated
at a rough estimate of allocated dollars in modern day budgets of $15 per cubic
yard, dug, removed and disposed, at approximately $1,200,000 construction cost.
That cost is probably significantly more than the value of the owned land
facing it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 12</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Matamoros, Mexico<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4LtGEQ6Hces/VAcXyxYkCKI/AAAAAAAAOhs/us2HJS3qfkM/s1600/degrade1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4LtGEQ6Hces/VAcXyxYkCKI/AAAAAAAAOhs/us2HJS3qfkM/s1600/degrade1.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This canal, about 20
miles south of the Rio Grande, is about 24 miles long in a straight line from
Matamoros, which faces the Mexico-US border. It has a split fan feature at its urban terminus, suggesting a commercial
or industrial use. It is about 40' in width between two high berm banks, and
expected to be about 5’ to 8' deep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In the city proper of
Matamoros, this canal fans out into smaller feeder canals, that are also
straight line, though smaller. This is a small 'system' that has degraded and
silted in. Above, some areas of the canal have been completely eroded by
raising sea levels. Though based on the erosion, water table could not have
risen much over 1.5' to possibly 2', or the original canal would not be
operable inland. That level of ocean rise suggests the canal's build and use
date is not older than sometime between 3,500 and 5,800 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Most of the canal is
eroded and is completely filled in. Some areas still have some amount of open
water. The erosion includes overgrown vegetation from the berm edges into the
canal proper. This entire canal structure appears to be older than the post-Colonial
period, and based on erosion patterns, and water table levels it could be as
old as 5,000 years. Berm core drills will provide answers to build and use
dates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This ocean break wall
appears to be significantly eroded. Toward shore, the original canal has
completely disappeared for about a mile under sand and other shore side
buildup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This canal is a major
anomaly, because it is so close to the Brownsville 'canal', and because it
seems to have served some commercial or industrial purpose at one point, and is
so completely eroded at the ocean side portion. Also it is not as large as
other canals, so its width and depth could not service large shipping, but
rather it is built to provide service to small commercial or medium sized
personal or pleasure watercraft. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">If the canal's total
length is 26 miles, at an average width of 40' and a depth of 9', original
construction would have removed about 210,000 cubic yards of material per mile,
or about 5.5 million cubic yards. At a cost of $8 per cubic yard, to complete
the entire project, it would cost about $43.5 MILLION in today's dollars. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tampamachoco, Mexico<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6_Pu_Ncss-E/VAcYmkuNNkI/AAAAAAAAOh0/uv0KJAvOqNI/s1600/med1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6_Pu_Ncss-E/VAcYmkuNNkI/AAAAAAAAOh0/uv0KJAvOqNI/s1600/med1.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This canal is part of a
complete system that starts about 85 miles north and continues south a couple
of miles to Tuxpan. It is about 145' wide on average with a high berm on one
side, and a smaller berm on the other. It is estimated to be about 20' to 25'
in depth. In some places, the berm does not exist, so it must have been
transported away from the site.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In this location, the
canal splits into two sections, with one going into what appears to be a former
industrial or commercial port area. Now, there are very few beach front houses
and none use the canal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">On the Google Earth
location above, follow the outline of this canal to its limits. This canal
represents about 1,700,160 cubic yards of material moved. Most of this canal is
cut through original land, and is more expensive to build than a dredged open
water channel. This canal would be about $12-$14 a cubic yard in current Corp
of Engineer bid dollars, or about $20.4 Million per mile, or $1.7 BILLION for
the entire project. Even if it costs only half that, it is still a significant
undertaking.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This system starts about
375 miles south of the US-Mexico border, so it is unrealistic to assign its
construction date to the modern re-dredging of the Inland Waterway. Most of the
characteristics of this canal system look exactly like the older, sunken and
degraded portions of the Gulf and East Coast's Inland Waterways.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The ICW - Intra Coastal
Waterway<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="graphics52" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 138pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 253.1pt; margin-top: 1pt; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 191.8pt; z-index: 251694080;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The concept of a national,
protected, north-south waterway was introduced in 1808 by Albert Gallatin, U.S.
Secretary of the Treasury in his report to President Thomas Jefferson. The
report noted that “an inland navigation solution from Massachusetts to Georgia,
that was 'principally, if not solely' interrupted by a mere four stretches of
land - Cape Cod, a section of New Jersey between the Raritan and Delaware
rivers, the peninsula between the Delaware River and the Chesapeake Bay, and
the marshy tract between the Chesapeake Bay and the Albemarle Sound”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">If the federal government would appropriate the necessary
funds, Gallatin explained, to dredge new canals through just a mere four
stretches of land, a sea vessel could travel by rivers, bays, sounds, and a
handful of canals from Boston to Beaufort, North Carolina, on down to the Cape
Fear River, then broken by a short ocean run the inland navigation could
continue again inside the chain of barrier islands skirting the coasts of South
Carolina and Georgia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Secretary Gallatin estimated that the cost of the four
canals would be $3 million. His entire scheme for roads and canals would cost
an expected $20 million. By setting aside $2 million per year from the annual
Treasury surplus (then in excess of $5 million), the whole project envisioned
could be accomplished within ten (10) years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0HI-As45jpY/VAcaBCx8NoI/AAAAAAAAOiE/3IH6NN2ug24/s1600/ICW2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0HI-As45jpY/VAcaBCx8NoI/AAAAAAAAOiE/3IH6NN2ug24/s1600/ICW2.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Delayed by foreign problems (the War of 1812 comes to
mind) and further frustrated by domestic obstructions (President Jefferson was
not entirely sold on the idea), Gallatin's plan was never fully implemented.
His concept of an Intracoastal Waterway never died, but the waterway ultimately
came into being mostly due to local projects rather than centralized planning
during the nineteenth century. And instead of taking ten years, its
construction spanned more than a century. During that time, the railroads
fought any development of the ICW, as it was not in their best interest to have
a competing transportation system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 15</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt;">The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, conceived by
Secretary Gallatin in 1808, was not essentially completed until the 1930s - in
the midst of the Great Depression. It is a hybrid creation of man comprised of
many existing (although upgraded) river-ways, man-made canals, and existing
sounds and bays. The waterway came into being through a series of local
projects developed in expectation of local benefits. Today, commerce south of
Norfolk is almost entirely domestic and mostly short haul. It is now used more
for recreation than for commerce. And, it is no longer maintained to the width
and depth as it was during the peak of its usage.</span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YHWhLTgTgV4/VAcbvgvNYGI/AAAAAAAAOiM/ZYTI0prMQxg/s1600/ICW3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YHWhLTgTgV4/VAcbvgvNYGI/AAAAAAAAOiM/ZYTI0prMQxg/s1600/ICW3.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In today's dollars, re-dredging an existing harbor or
channel goes out for bid at about $1.6 million per mile for an 10' x 100'
section. That is not new cut, or green construction, just re-dredging. New or
green cut through existing land forms, costs on average about $3.5 million per
mile. That's why Congress never authorized ANY budgets for waterway acts beyond
'gateway' canals. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
facts are that the old ICW is an ancient system, and was here (and known) long
before we settled North America, as defined by US Secretary Gallatin in his
report. The ICW has been 'dredged' out and re-used, but it was by no means 'new
construction' over most of its entire length. A simple review of Google Earth
will establish those facts clearly. In addition, US Engineering technology
never had the skills or abilities (up to and including today) that could
transfer 'island pile' tailing from a new cut ripper to island dump’ locations
at half mile intervals. We can't do it with bucket cranes and barges, yet the
entire length of the ICW is mostly 'island pile' residue rather than shore side
'berm' dumps.</span><span lang="EN" style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 16</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Holocene Sea Level Rise</span></b><b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #3d3923; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">To review
our material in any detail, it is important to understand the significance of
sea level raise during the current Holocene epoch. Since the Holocene Start, or
about 15,000 years ago, sea levels around the world have raised an average of 125
meters or 410'. About two thirds of that increase, or about 260', occurred over
a 5,000 year period between 12,000 and 7,000 years ago</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uPDJC3PrQ8w/VAciq1Dc92I/AAAAAAAAOiU/PWehDtlO-as/s1600/FilePost-Glacial%2BSea%2BLevel-large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uPDJC3PrQ8w/VAciq1Dc92I/AAAAAAAAOiU/PWehDtlO-as/s1600/FilePost-Glacial%2BSea%2BLevel-large.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Holocene_Sea_Level_png"><span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;">Images created by Robert A. Rohde / Global Warming
Art</span></a><span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #3d3923; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The data
represented on the above chart, has been collected from 8 locations around the
globe. Variations in sea level rise from the Western Atlantic and the South
Pacific are most notable. The figures are based on data from Fleming et al.
1998, Fleming 2000, & Milne et al. 2005. These papers collected data from
various reports and adjusted them for subsequent vertical geologic motions,
primarily those associated with post-glacial continental and hydroisostatic
rebound. The first refers to deformations caused by the weight of continental
ice sheets pressing down on the land, the latter refers to uplift in coastal
areas resulting from the increased weight of water associated with rising sea
levels. It should be noted that because of the latter effect and associated
uplift, many islands, especially in the Pacific, exhibited higher local sea
levels in the mid Holocene than they do today. Uncertainty about the magnitude
of these corrections is the dominant uncertainty in many measurements of Holocene
scale sea level change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #3d3923; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #3d3923; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The black
curve is based on minimizing the sum of squares error weighted distance between
this curve and the plotted data. It was constructed by adjusting a number of
specified tie points, typically placed every 1 kyr and forced to go to 0 at the
modern day. A small number of extreme outliers were dropped. It should be noted
that some authors propose the existence of significant short-term fluctuations
in sea level such that the sea level curve might oscillate up and down about
this ~1 kyr mean state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #3d3923; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Some
'leveling', or trigger event just over 7,000 years ago, flattened out that
rapid increase in sea level. The following chart demonstrates the rapid raise
and leveling-off effect.<span style="background: lightgrey; mso-highlight: lightgrey;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 17</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><b><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Holocene Sea Level Rise (con't)</span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The following illustration is
a Holocene Sea Level chart plotting sea level over the past 9,000 years. </span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EZi-t9a-1hA/VAcjURAfwjI/AAAAAAAAOic/gApl-cz92jM/s1600/FilePost-Glacial%2BSea%2BLevel-9K.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EZi-t9a-1hA/VAcjURAfwjI/AAAAAAAAOic/gApl-cz92jM/s1600/FilePost-Glacial%2BSea%2BLevel-9K.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Holocene_Sea_Level_png"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;">Images created by Robert A. Rohde / Global Warming
Art</span></a><span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Readings to determine ocean levels at specifics
periods of time, have been taken in 8 different global locations. Of significance,
is the Jamaica or 'Caribbean Plain' sea level plot shown in light green. We are
using the Jamaica plots, because the plot readings are the closest to our
Atlantic and Gulf coasts. This Jamaica plots show an average sea level increase
of about 5' between 7,000 and 5,000 ybp. From that point forward, sea level has
been relatively stable, with less than 1' increase.</span><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">There appears to have been
some 'trigger' event at just before 7,000 ybp that literally stopped the rapid
sea level raise. Over the next 1,000 years, sea level raises 'flattened out to
about 3' at 6,000 ybp. From that point to 5,000 ybp, the raise was less than
2', and in the last 5,000 years, sea level has been relatively constant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sea Levels have risen about
5' + or -, over the last 7,000 years in the areas depicted in this study. Using
sea level as a dating mechanism is valid when a non-natural occurring harbor,
canal, channel, feature, contour or artifact situated on a tidal shelf can be
identified as having been built or created when that area was above sea level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Underwater 'harbors' not connected to
any current shoreline. Recognizing the purpose for a 'harbor' is to connect a
shore based area with major, if not ocean going water based transportation
systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Underwater canals, harbors, or channels that
show a substantial 'berm' or residue along its edge. This feature is a result
of dredging where the residue of refuse is discharged along the bank. This does
not occur with an underwater dredging process, where the refuse is piped from
the dredge head, generally on a barge, or floating above water, to a refuse or
'tailing' pile on shore, often at some distance from the dredge rig.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Channels and canals that have major
sections both above and below sea level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 18</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tidal Shelf<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EeSNYaMR2-U/VAckP1bH7cI/AAAAAAAAOik/xxhMQu3hWK0/s1600/tidalshoulder.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EeSNYaMR2-U/VAckP1bH7cI/AAAAAAAAOik/xxhMQu3hWK0/s1600/tidalshoulder.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.ancientcanalbuilders.com/"><span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;">Images
created by John Jensen / AncientCanalBuilders.com</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ocean level, when stable for
some period of time develops a 'tidal shoulder' as a reaction to water movement
and tidal raise and fall. Given enough time and a relative stable shoreline,
the tidal shoulder outline is sometimes very clear, other times it is less
clear. Depth between shoulders provides an accurate estimate of tidal plain
life cycle, or length of time between the cycle use dates of the upper and
lower tidal shoulder.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In the Holocene Sea Level
rise, (Jamaica plot) tertiary or third tidal shoulder ('C') is estimated to be
5' in depth. That depth is precisely the edge of the 'leveling off' of the
early Holocene rapid ocean rise, as measured by the Jamaica results, where
7,000 years ago the ocean level stabilized at about 1.5 meters or about 5'
lower than it is today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Secondary Tidal Shoulder
('B') is estimated to be about 2' in depth. That depth coincides with the second
'leveling off' of sea level rise at about 5,900 years ago. The Secondary Tidal
Plain covers a period of about 800 years, and levels off to the Primary Tidal
Plain, ('A') which is the current water table, at about 5,100 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The difference between any two
water tables in terms of depth defines the 'life cycle' of that tidal plain.
Any non-natural artifacts or construction is dated to no earlier than the
earlier tidal shoulder.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Most information in this book
is supported by artifacts and construction on the Secondary Tidal Plain level,
indicating its build and use dates to be no earlier than the Tertiary Tidal
Shoulder of 7,200 ybp, and no later than the Secondary Tidal Shoulder of 5,900
years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 19</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">End of the Third Meltwater Pulse<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;"><a href="http://www.ancientcanalbuilders.com/">Images
created by John Jensen / AncientCanalBuilders.com</a></span><span lang="EN" style="background: lightgrey; color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-highlight: lightgrey;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In addition to the events
listed above, there are many other datasets and information, as well as
artifacts that support the 7,000 year ago cataclysm date. These include frozen
Mastodons in Northern Russia and the North American Arctic, as well as piles of
disparate animal bones on Wrangell Island. The most important evidence is of a
lost civilization on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America is called
'The Ancient Canal Builders'.</span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2e2b1a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This period is the 'Current Epoch' that began with a Super Mega
Cataclysm just over 7,000 years ago. We will show many artifacts and other
evidence to substantiate that date as one of the pivotal periods in geological
and human history.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2e2b1a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Bosporus Straight was
breeched about 7,100 ybp, coincidental to the Storegga event. In 1997, Ryan and Pitman, though unaware of
the Storegga data, presented astonishing evidence ".. that a drowning
event on the Pontic Basin resulted from a marine transgression into a vastly
sunken lake...", and designated
7,100 BP as the date of the flooding event. Galveston Bay, TX. An event occurred in Galveston Bay between
7,300-7,100 years ago, in which the boundary between river and bay receded
about 35 kilometers upstream. (That is 22 miles inland) Michilla Bay, Chile has
a Tsunami debris field about 6-7 meters high, about a mile inland, dated to
7,100 ybp. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The </span></b><b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Storegga Event<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The following data,
information, evidence, and artifacts tell the story of a Super Mega Cataclysm
that occurred 7,000 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The event is
named after the Storegga landslide complex, a world-class geographic feature
and one of the largest areas of known slope failure anywhere in the world. The
Second Storegga Slide was large enough to have caused a mega tsunami around
7,100 years ago that triggered widespread coastal flooding in Scotland, Norway
and other coastlines bordering the eastern North Atlantic and North Sea. (4)
For example, at a number of localities near the eastern coast of Scotland is a
sand deposit as deep as 25 feet above sea level that has been dated to about
7,000 years ago. One researcher in 1989 proposed that this sand is a
mega-tsunami deposit resulting from the sediment displacement associated with
the Second Storegga Slide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bathymetry
and acoustic seafloor imagery of the Storegga Slide have identified seafloor
depressions or “pockmarks” up to 1500 feet in diameter and less than 15 feet in
depth, which are associated with the presence of gas. (6) The pockmarks are
consistent with the remnants of old methane gas explosion sites that triggered
the landslides at Storegga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">If this event is part of a much
larger global event, its effect on the greater global ocean upheaval seems
unlikely to be predictable based on standard tsunami computer ‘model’. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Along with other simultaneous
cataclysmic activity, this event is so large it terms of mass slope failure, it
is difficult to estimate how the compound super tsunami might react. It seems
likely that the wave crest created by the slide 'run-out', which was some 800
km in length, passing through 3500 m of water depth, was magnitudes higher than
the debris field deposited on the surrounding coasts. Debris fields in Scotland
as an example, at about 7-8 m suggests the Tsunami crest might have been
significantly over 150 meters.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The </span></b><b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Storegga Event </span></b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">(cont.)</span></span><b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Tsunami
debris fields have been found on the East Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico
with inland debris deposits up to 40 miles inland at Galveston and Mobile. The
fact of a Tsunami debris field in Chile, dated to the same period as the 2<sup>nd</sup>
Storegga event suggests the trigger mechanism was global rather than local to
the North Atlantic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This is just
part of a worldwide super-cataclysm that rocked the Earth at that time. The
magnitude of the earthquake tremors around the North Atlantic Basin, and the
ensuing Tsunami is beyond imagination. The effect could account for most
'Flood' legends around the Atlantic Rim. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
following documents cover the Storegga Landslide in scientific detail. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Storegga Slide:</span></b><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">T. Bugge, R. H. Belderson and N. H.
Kenyon, <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A,
Mathematical and Physical Sciences</i><br />
Vol. 325, No. 1586 (Jun. 13, 1988), pp. 357-388<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/38068?uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101531061453"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/38068?uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101531061453</span></a><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Storegga
References:</span></b><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">University of Edinburgh,
School of Geosciences<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/s0456225/Reference.html"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/s0456225/Reference.html</span></a><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Catastrophic Final Flooding of Doggerland by the
Storegga Slide Tsunami</span></b><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Bernhard Weninger, Rick
Schulting, Marcel Bradtmöller, Lee Clare, Mark Collard, Kevan Edinborough,
Johanna Hilpert, Olaf Jöris, Marcel Niekus6, Eelco J. Rohling, Bernd Wagner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.academia.edu/437214/The_Catastrophic_Final_Flooding_of_Doggerland_by_the_Storegga_Slide_Tsunami"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.academia.edu/437214/The_Catastrophic_Final_Flooding_of_Doggerland_by_the_Storegga_Slide_Tsunami</span></a><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Suburban
Energy Management Project </span><a href="http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=301"><span style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=301</span></a><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">US
Department of Energy and Office of Fossil Energy: “A Strategy for Methane
Hydrates Research and Development,” p. 10, at: </span><a href="http://www.netl.doe.gov/scngo/NaturalGas/hydrates/"><span style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.netl.doe.gov/scngo/NaturalGas/hydrates/</span></a><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">... ;
accessed November 26, 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">University
of Wisconsin: “Chemical of the Week: Methane” at: </span><a href="http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/methane/metha"><span style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/methane/metha</span></a><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">...; accessed November 26, 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Tsunami
Initiative: “Tsunami Risk in the Northeast Atlantic: The Storegga Slides.” At: </span><a href="http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/tsunami-risks/html/HSE1S"><span style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/tsunami-risks/html/HSE1S</span></a><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">...; accessed
November 26, 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dan Evans:
The BGS deep-two boomer meets the Storegga Slide” in The Edinburgh Geologist,
Issue no. 28, Autumn 1995, available at: </span><a href="http://www.edinburghgeolsoc.org/z_28_04.html"><span style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.edinburghgeolsoc.org/z_28_04.html</span></a><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> accessed November 26, 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">JP Foucher:
“Fluid Escape Structures on the Storegga Slope.” Geophysical Research
Abstracts. European Geophysical Society, 2002. Available at: </span><a href="http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/11149/EAE03-J"><span style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/11149/EAE03-J</span></a><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">... ;
accessed November 26, 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">“Hydro”
website: “Boiling tea with gas from chilly seas” at: </span><a href="http://www.hydro.com/en/press_room/features/ormen_"><span style="color: #000040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.hydro.com/en/press_room/features/ormen_</span></a><span style="color: #4a442a; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">... ;
accessed November 26, 2005..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Doggerland</span></b></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">At, or shortly before the
time of the last Storegga Slide, a land bridge known to archaeologists and
geologists as “Doggerland” existed, linking Great Britain with Denmark and the
Netherlands across what is now the southern North Sea. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This area is believed to have included a coastline of lagoons, marshes,
mudflats, and beaches, and to have been a rich hunting, fowling and fishing
ground populated by Mesolithic human cultures. Although Doggerland was
physically submerged through a gradual rise in sea level, it has been suggested
that coastal areas of both Britain and mainland Europe, extending over areas
which are now submerged, would have been inundated by a tsunami triggered by
the Storegga Slide. Initially, it is believed to have been the home to tens of
thousands of people before it disappeared underwater. This event would have had
a catastrophic impact on the contemporary Mesolithic population, and separated
cultures in Britain from those on the European mainland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Like all land bridges, Doggerland seems to have been a pretty busy
thoroughfare for ancient hunters and gatherers.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>But archaeologists hardly gave it a
thought until 2002, when a small group of British researchers laid hands on
seismic survey data collected by the petroleum industry in the North Sea. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Dating Tsunami Deposits<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The accurate dating of the Storegga Slide Tsunami represents a major
challenge to established radiocarbon methodology. As already recognized by
Bondevik et al. (2006), the accurate radiocarbon dating of palaeotsunamis is problematic
for three reasons: (1) erosion of the underlying strata; (2) redeposition of
organic material within the tsunami deposit, and (3) redeposition of organic
matter following the tsunami event. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Due to the ‘problematic’ nature of ‘Calibrated’ aging, we have chosen,
for this work to retain the ‘Actual’ 14c dates recorded in the second column,
where they, in fact match quite precisely with similar actual non-calibrated
14c dates at the Storegga and Bosporus sites.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Bosporus Strait Breach<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Beach of the Bosporus Strait
and the seawater incursion of the Black Sea occurred contiguous with the
Storegga Landslide. In an introduction to his book, 'The Black Sea Event',
author Valentina Yangon-Homback referenced Ryan and Pittman, geologists from Columbia
University, who proposed the Black Sea flood evidence, suggested to the
research team that a drowning event in the Pontic Basin may have resulted from
a marine transgression into a vast shrunken lake. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K0BN25hP6CE/VAdaEWPcj8I/AAAAAAAAOjk/sv9WZIUwZbM/s1600/Bosporus%2BStraight%2B1%2Blg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K0BN25hP6CE/VAdaEWPcj8I/AAAAAAAAOjk/sv9WZIUwZbM/s1600/Bosporus%2BStraight%2B1%2Blg.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">It appears that this
inundation subsequently deposited a uniform drape of marine mud upon the former
terrestrial surface, creating a sapropel or putrefied muddy layer equally thick
in depression, as on crests and dunes with no sign of landward-directed onlap
of the sedimentary layers in the drape (Ryan et. al. 2003). The '14C' age
determinations documented a simultaneous sub aqueous colonization of the
terrestrial surface by marine mollusks at 7,100 ybp, and this date was assigned
to the flooding event.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In 'Traces of Ancient
Habitation Found Beneath Black Sea o</span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ff
the coast of northern Turkey, 311 feet (95 meters) below the Black Sea',
explorer Robert Ballard says he has discovered remains of an ancient structure
that was apparently flooded in a deluge of biblical proportions. The find may
lend credence to a theory that a Black Sea flood gave rise to the Noah story
and other flood legends. Ballard, famous for finding <i>Titanic, </i>confirmed that his research team, sponsored in part by the
National Geographic Society, has identified a wooden structure on a gently
sloping shelf near the convergence of two submerged ancient river beds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="StandardCxSpLast" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="StandardCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0R0HHFP-TGw/VAdZV1ts9JI/AAAAAAAAOjc/3CdVqLE0_BQ/s1600/bosporus2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0R0HHFP-TGw/VAdZV1ts9JI/AAAAAAAAOjc/3CdVqLE0_BQ/s1600/bosporus2.png" width="320" /></a><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The wooden structure is the only building sighted so far
during the expedition. As the search continues, the team hopes that additional
finds will suggest a settlement pattern along the ancient coastline. Using
sonar profiles, Ballard's team has identified more than 50 potential search
areas similar to the site of the structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">When viewed as a local or
regional event, the Bosporus Strait breach was a significant catastrophic event,
particularly to the inhabitants of the Black Sea basin. If the Bosporus breach
event and the Storegga event dates are specifically related in time however, as
they appear to be, then it is a high probability that the trigger mechanism for
both regional catastrophes was at least a single global event. With two
significant regional catastrophes related in time it seems quite obvious that
some super catastrophic event occurred that was the primary cause of both the
Storegga Landslide and the Bosporus Strait Breach.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="line-height: 12pt;"><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 24</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tsunami Debris – Michilla Bay, Chili</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7utIQkG45IM/VAddzW6QxmI/AAAAAAAAOjs/7w3Nsax7PjI/s1600/MichillaBay.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7utIQkG45IM/VAddzW6QxmI/AAAAAAAAOjs/7w3Nsax7PjI/s1600/MichillaBay.png" width="320" /></a><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This
is a photo of an elevated Tsunami dump deposit at Michilla Bay, northern Chile,
occurring around 7,000 years ago, coincidentally with the sea level reaching
its present level following the Holocene marine transgression; the ocean is to
the right. The top of the terrace stands 6m to 8m above sea level and about 1
km inland.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This deposit is over 5 m
thick, lies 7 m above present sea level, and consists of a massive bed of
course sand interspersed with cobbles and large unbroken shells. Isolated
boulders are scattered throughout the bottom of the deposit. Dating of the
shell places the event at 7,000 years ago when sea level reached its present
level following the Holocene marine transgression.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tsunami Debris – Galveston Bay<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nwzrzt8NkG0/VAdfZfNYuHI/AAAAAAAAOj8/HV8g2Lf-I0c/s1600/CGalvestonBay.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nwzrzt8NkG0/VAdfZfNYuHI/AAAAAAAAOj8/HV8g2Lf-I0c/s1600/CGalvestonBay.png" width="320" /></a><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">John Anderson, the W. Maurice
Ewing Chair in Oceanography and Professor of Earth Science at Rice University
at Houston</span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">,
discussing Galveston Bay, said "The
geological record shows that sediment flowing into the bays have tended to just
keep pace with rising sea levels over the past 10,000 years. The flooding
events mark points in time when this delicate balance was upset.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The
most dramatic event occurred in Galveston Bay between 7,300-7,100</span><b style="color: #363226; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </b><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">years</span><b style="color: #363226; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">
</b><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">ag</span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">o. In that geological
instant, the boundary between the river and bay receded about 35 kilometers
upstream. At that time, the head of the bay was somewhere north of I-10, but
sediments flowing back into the bay from the Trinity River pushed that back south
to the present location, creating Lake Anahuac in the process." <i>Underwatertimes.com
News Service - October 23, 2006</i></span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="line-height: 12pt;"><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Page 25</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Birth and Age of Niagara Falls<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r0sJholHxnA/VAdg_XafqSI/AAAAAAAAOkE/qJkb6L6SbtI/s1600/Niagara.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r0sJholHxnA/VAdg_XafqSI/AAAAAAAAOkE/qJkb6L6SbtI/s1600/Niagara.png" /></a></div>
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The falls of the Niagara River have regressed upstream from
Lewiston, on Lake Ontario, and have created a gorge about seven miles long.
U.S. Geological Survey records indicate that the entire Falls are regressing at
an average of about 2.2 feet per year. The Canadian Falls section regresses
much faster at about 2.8 feet per year. <br />
<br />
The edge of the Falls is much longer at its ledges than the width of the gorge
through which it has cut. The flow of water over the ledges is now much
shallower, with correspondingly fewer pressures than existed, say, 3,000 years
ago, when the Falls were in the gorge. Consequently, the regression rate of the
erosion and undermining of the cataract is less now than during the early
period of gorge existence. The regression speed during the creation of the
gorge was equivalent to the regression of the Canadian Falls, where the speed,
weight and pressure of the cascade are more concentrated than the average over
the entire Falls. <br />
<br />
The Commissioners of the State Reservation at Niagara Falls employed Robert S.
Woodward in 1891 to estimate the time required for the creation of the Niagara
River gorge. Woodward was a man of superior competence as well as unquestioned
integrity and later became president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington,
D.C. Woodward reported that less than 8,000 years had been required to cut the
gorge of the Niagara River. <br />
<br />
Woodward noted that “Assuming an average regression speed of 2.2 feet per year,
which is one quarter foot per year faster than the regression of the Canadian
Falls, we obtain 7,800 years for the approximate life span of the Niagara
Gorge”. However, the Falls at Lewiston were approximately 280 feet higher than
they are now. Consequently, with a significantly higher regression rate in its
early cycle, and a slower current rate, estimated age of the Niagara Falls
Gorge is about 7,000 years. <br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">James
Hall, a New York State Geologist, pointed out that the southward dip of the
rock strata from Lewiston to the Falls is about 25 feet per mile, with the
river channel sloping in the opposite direction at the rate of 15 feet per
mile. As a result of this change in the height of the Falls, the rates of speed
of erosion and cutback of the upstream retreat of the Falls has not been constant,
but significantly variable. It has depended on the height of the Falls and on
the nature of the rocks being cut. <br />
<br />
Geologists have also identified two additional river beds at higher levels than
the current Niagara River. The highest terrace is 24 feet above the river, and
the lower twelve feet lower, with identical fresh water shells found at both
terraces extending to the whirlpool. This suggests that Goat Island was under
water at some earlier Epoch, which tends to support successive world cataclysms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #363226; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A
careful record of this formation and one of the first was made by Sir Charles
Lyell, and is recorded in his book 'Travels in North America' in 1841-42. These
geological phenomena require, for a rational explanation, a careening globe
with attendant world cataclysms. Other discoveries of Lyell at Niagara also
seem to require changes in the earth's Axis of Figure for their explanation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Birth and Age of Minnesota Falls</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Mississippi River like the Niagara River
provides a telltale geological time scale showing us how long the earth's
surface has remained essentially as it is today. The upstream retreat of the
Falls of St. Anthony at Minneapolis, Minnesota, created a gorge between seven
and eight miles long and about a quarter of a mile wide. The gorge provides a
cutoff from the older Mississippi River bed. <br />
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Early explorers - first Hennepin and later Carver, provided information
regarding the locations of the Falls, and from these records we know that the
Falls regressed, up to 1856, at an estimated rate of about five feet per year.
Approximately 8,000 years elapsed from the time when the Falls started at Fort
Snelling, to their current location at the north end of the gorge.<br />
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The Falls of St. Anthony were 110 feet above the current river bed when they
were located at Fort Snelling. Now the Falls are less than 40 feet high. From
these facts it is logical to assume that there was a greater amount of
undercutting of the Falls when they were higher with the flow landing with much
greater force on the base rocks, causing faster upstream regression during the
earlier stages of the Falls than during its later stages. (The probable
profiles of the Falls at various times in the past, with plan and elevations,
are shown in Geological Survey, Folio 201, Minneapolis St. Paul, Minn.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Based on variable rates of regression, a correction
factor of 9% to 13% should be factored to interpret the time scale correctly;
giving an approximate 7,000 years for the life span of the gorge. The Falls of
St. Anthony as well as Niagara Falls both give us a relative time scale of
about 7,000 years as the age of their gorges.
These dates coincide with the Storegga Landslide and Bosporus Strait
breach, indicating a much greater overall cataclysm at an approximate date of
slightly more than 7,000 ybp.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Windover Bog People<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uGmx7nlkWlc/VAd5SWs68oI/AAAAAAAAOkc/BII7hQiyW3M/s1600/Windover%2BSkull.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uGmx7nlkWlc/VAd5SWs68oI/AAAAAAAAOkc/BII7hQiyW3M/s1600/Windover%2BSkull.jpg" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Windover Bog site
is an early Archaeological burial site near Titusville, FL. Skeletal remains of
168 people, about half adult and half children were discovered in a marsh pond
during construction excavation. The skeletal remains were remarkably well
preserved due to the low to neutral acidity in the pond, and the
characteristics of peat formation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Many of the skulls contained remarkably
well preserved brain tissue, and in some instances, complete well formed,
though shrunken brains, enabling Scientists to perform DNA sequencing of the
remains. Windover represents the largest
collection of Human Remains and Artifacts from the Archaic Period ever found.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The remains include bones of males and
females of all ages from infants to about 60 years, a total of 168 individuals.
The average height of adult males was 5 feet 9 inches (175 cm). Skeletons
showed the effects of disease and healed wounds, allowing forensic studies.
Many bones of children showed interrupted growth, perhaps due to severe disease
or malnutrition. Osteoporosis was evident in older women. Adults of both
genders exhibited a high incidence of osteoarthritis, also a continuing problem
for humans. Some skeletons showed wounds that were likely the cause of death.
The pelvis of one man had a bone spear point embedded in it. Others had severe
skull fractures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Children and teenagers were buried with
more grave goods than were adults, indicating the high value placed on
children. Skeletons included one of a boy aged about 15 who had spina bifida.
All of his bones were found to have been fragile. One of his feet was missing
and the stump of his lower leg had healed. As his spinal condition almost
certainly meant the boy was paralyzed below the waist, this find was important
for assessing the society's commitment to ensure his survival for 15 years in a
hunter-gatherer community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZB355uJDr2U/VAd5hUxeAFI/AAAAAAAAOkk/LcGrJLN6xV4/s1600/BonesClose.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZB355uJDr2U/VAd5hUxeAFI/AAAAAAAAOkk/LcGrJLN6xV4/s1600/BonesClose.jpeg" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">While some of the
remains were mixed, about 100 undisturbed burials were found with fully articulated
bones, in roughly the correct position and relationship in the body. Most were
buried in a flexed position, on their left sides, and with their heads toward
the west. The bodies were held down in the graves by sharpened stakes. The
bodies were buried in clusters, in five or six episodes of short duration that
were scattered over a thousand years. Thirty-seven of the graves contained
woven fabrics, indicating that the bodies had been wrapped for burial.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In late 1984 the archaeologists
discovered that brain tissue had survived in many of the skulls. Lumps of
greasy, brownish material were found in several skulls when they were opened
for examination. Suspecting that this was brain tissue, the researchers sent
the intact skulls for X-ray, CAT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
which showed recognizable brain structures. In addition, cell structures were
seen under a microscope. At least 90 of the recovered bodies had brain tissue
that survived, due to the preservative effects of the peat. The state of
preservation of the brain tissues indicated that the bodies were buried in the
peat within 24 to 48 hours after death. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A0EZJTPUba8/VAd5nggUSvI/AAAAAAAAOks/Q38CFGN2C4E/s1600/Hammer.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A0EZJTPUba8/VAd5nggUSvI/AAAAAAAAOks/Q38CFGN2C4E/s1600/Hammer.jpeg" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This preservation
allowed researchers to sequence DNA from the brains. Gut contents were found
with many of the burials. These included seeds of wild grapes, elderberries and
prickly pear fruit, often in large quantities. The people's teeth were worn
down early in life, presumably from sand in food, but very few had cavities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Many artifacts that
were deposited with the bodies were also preserved. Archaeologists at this site
were able to recover a total of 86 pieces of fabric from 37 graves. These
included seven different textile weaves, which appeared to have been used for
clothing, bags, matting, and possibly blankets and ponchos. Numerous other
artifacts, such as atlatls and projectile points, were also found at Windover.
The occupants of Windover hunted animals, fished, and gathered plants. They
used bottle gourds for storage, which comprise the earliest evidence for
vegetable container storage discovered in North America. Animal bones and
shells found in the graves indicated that the people ate white-tailed deer,
raccoon, opossum, birds, fish and shellfish.</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9UxQmVGcyK8/VAd5xkbXu_I/AAAAAAAAOk0/7OovGj7Ca-Y/s1600/Windover%2BBonesTall.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9UxQmVGcyK8/VAd5xkbXu_I/AAAAAAAAOk0/7OovGj7Ca-Y/s1600/Windover%2BBonesTall.jpeg" width="202" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Windover is one of a
number of archaic period sites in Florida with underwater burials in peat.
Similar burials occurred at Little Salt Spring 5,200 to 6,800 years ago, Bay
West (in Collier County) 5,940 to 6,840 years ago, and Republic Grove (in
Hardee County) 5,690 to 6,470 years ago. Stakes were driven into the peat
through fabrics wrapped around bodies at Windover. Similar stakes were found
associated with burials at Bay West and Republic Grove. The stakes may have
been used to help hold the bodies underwater. There were also burials (although
not in peat) in the sinkhole at Warm Mineral Springs, dating as much as 12,000
years ago.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Robin Brown notes in connection with
these underwater burials that many Native American groups have a tradition that
spirits of the dead are blocked by water. William McGoun suggests that a
"water mortuary cult" may have been widespread in southern Florida
from Paleo-Indian times into the historic period. As late as 1,500 to 2,000
years ago, bundled, de-fleshed bones were stored on a wooden platform set in
the middle of a pond at Fort Center.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Windover Pond is one of a number of sites
in Florida excavated since 1970 that have led to a major reassessment of the
Archaic period in Florida. Jerald T. Milanich states that Windover has provided
"unprecedented and dramatic" information about early Archaic people
in Florida, and that the Windover site may be "one of the most significant
archaeological sites ever excavated."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Conclusions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Windover Bog People, dating from 9,000
to 7,000 years ago, appear to be contemporary or slightly earlier predecessor
to the Ancient Canal Builders. Their DNA and Haplogroup sequence tests indicate
they are of European rather than Native American ancestry. Their close
proximity and DNA linage almost certainly suggests they along with the Ancient
Canal Builders and the Michigan Copper miners were related to an Atlantic Rim
colonization from a central Atlantic and/or European source.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Wikipedia: </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windover_Archaeological_Site"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windover_Archaeological_Site</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Photos from: The Windover Archaeological Research Project,
</span><a href="http://www.nbbd.com/godo/history/windover/"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">http://www.nbbd.com/godo/history/windover/</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Video from Youtube<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.youtube.com/embed/vbayBEbIEwc"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">http://www.youtube.com/embed/vbayBEbIEwc</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Brown, Robin C. (1994). Florida's First
People: 12,000 Years of Human History. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press. ISBN
1-56164-032-8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">McGoun, William E. (1993). Prehistoric
Peoples of South Florida. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press.
ISBN 0-8173-0686-2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Milanich, Jerald T. (1994). Archaeology
of Precolumbian Florida. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
ISBN 0-8130-1273-2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Milanich, Jerald T. (1998). Florida's
Indians from Ancient Times to the Present. Gainesville, Florida: University
Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1599-5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Richardson, Joseph L.. "The Windover
Archaeological Research Project". North Brevard Business Directory.
Retrieved 3 December 2011.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Turnbull Ruins<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Turnbull Ruins are made out of coquina rocks, and overlook the water
in New Smyrna Beach. It's believed that during the colonization period
(1766-1777), Andrew Turnbull attempted to build his personal mansion on the
coquina foundation. However the work was never completed. The true origination
of the ruins is unknown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">I include these ruins because they are not far from the Windover Bog
People burials, and it is just as rational to think the builders of this
structure were related to the Windover Bog Mummies, as well as the builders of
the Bimini Road as it is to assume they could only be from a post-colonial period.
It is just as likely the builders were related to the larger Ancient Canal
Builder populations as well as the builders of the original large offshore
harbors. I am certain that the 2nd tier upper wall was built at a later time on
what was, at the time, an already ancient structure. The 2nd tier is
fundamentally different in design and scope, and includes the upper level stone
stairway.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">This location is close to my current home, so it has been quite simple to
spend some serious time studying this structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Isle Royale Copper Mining - Upper Peninsula, MI</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0BIoh5YOtbA/VAd80nMr0yI/AAAAAAAAOlE/3ho2ROShF-g/s1600/bronze04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0BIoh5YOtbA/VAd80nMr0yI/AAAAAAAAOlE/3ho2ROShF-g/s1600/bronze04.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Evidence exists of
mining colonies at Michigan's Isle Royale and Keweenaw Peninsula where copper
ore was extracted.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The second largest island archipelago on
the Great Lake is "Isle Royale” which was earlier known as "Copper
Island". To the Ojibway it is "Minong" meaning, "a good
place to live".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Scientists have been exploring multiple,
massive "native (pure) copper" mines on Ojibway land there. They have
dated wood foundations in the mines to six thousand years ago. According to
Morrisseau, the Ojibway have been there for at least 12,000 years. In this
place where trout, whitefish, sturgeon, herring, suckers, pike, woodland
caribou, beaver and loons were plentiful was the world's richest treasury of
pure copper. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Although there are about
5000 pit mines on Isle Royale alone, outside of some cairns and slab rock
ruins, there is little to help pin down these miners.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Miles upon miles of open pit and closed
tunnel copper mines are across the area. Many of the closed tunnels are well
constructed and reinforced using similar mining techniques to our modern world.
About 5000 mines were discovered in an area that is roughly 200 kilometers long
and five to ten kilometers wide. The area mined on Isle Royale measures 60 to
80 kilometers. If all the mines were placed in one consecutive row, it would
measure eight kilometers long by eight meters wide by ten meters deep. Every
mine that has opened in the past 200 years, showed some previous prehistoric
mining activity. This included mines where the copper ore did not protrude to
the surface, showing evidence of prehistoric miners' advanced knowledge to
identify subterranean ores. Sites that showed obvious evidence of ancient mining
were in modern times considered good omens as they were often proved to be the
best sites to find large copper veins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u-t2N6kCfRo/VAd9RRm2yWI/AAAAAAAAOlU/HMp00DzFn-U/s1600/copper%2Boxhide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u-t2N6kCfRo/VAd9RRm2yWI/AAAAAAAAOlU/HMp00DzFn-U/s1600/copper%2Boxhide.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Curiously, North
American Indian mounds have been found to contain copper sheets made in the
shape of animal hides. Called "reels," their function, if any, is
unknown. The reels do, however, resemble oddly shaped copper ingots common in
European Bronze Age commerce.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Their peculiar shape earned these ingots
the name “oxhides” and has been found in Bronze Age shipwrecks, and are even
said to be portrayed on wall paintings in Egyptian tombs. The standardized
hide-like shape, with its four convenient handles, was useful in carrying and
stacking the heavy ingots. Could the reels from the North American mounds have
been copied from the oxhides? It is tempting to speculate that the Copper
Culture miners were actually an Atlantic rim colony. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">If the Ancient Canal
Builders built canals that would provide navigation for very large ocean going
ships, it follows that those ships would and probably did travel to other
places such as the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to acquire copper as a resource
for the Colonials of the period. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">If the copper mining area of the Upper
Peninsula was not affected by the Super Mega Tsunami of 7,100 ybp, then the
location and availability of the natural resources at this location could have
continued to have been exploited by derivative cultures that retained a memory
of the copper resource and its location.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">There is some evidence on Isle Royale on
the north portion of the island of a manmade harbor and a possible dock about
500 feet long. Ojibway legends describe the mines as being worked by “light
skinned men”, who were able to identify the mines by throwing magical stones on
the ground, which made the ores that contained copper ring like a bell.\</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">An elongated skull was unearthed in a Copper
Island burial mound. No other data available.</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Oxsqr44kMY/VAd9KtJ7AyI/AAAAAAAAOlM/UkgniwGxhDQ/s1600/Copper%2BIsland%2BSkull.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Oxsqr44kMY/VAd9KtJ7AyI/AAAAAAAAOlM/UkgniwGxhDQ/s1600/Copper%2BIsland%2BSkull.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">(Sodders, Betty; "Who Mined American
Copper 5,000 Years Ago?" Ancient American, 1:28, September/October 1993.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A Short History of Copper Mining:
</span><a href="http://www.exploringthenorth.com/cophistory/cophist.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.exploringthenorth.com/cophistory/cophist.html</span></a><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Frontiers of Anthropology: </span><a href="http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.com/2012/02/lake-superior-mines-old-copper-culture.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.com/2012/02/lake-superior-mines-old-copper-culture.html</span></a><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Michigan’s Copper Country: </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/CMG92_301731_7.pdf">http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/CMG92_301731_7.pdf</a></span><span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #37441c; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">_________________________________________________________</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Summary – Evidence of the Event</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Atlantic Rim colonies were completely destroyed by a
Super Mega disaster, almost exactly 7,000 years ago. This disaster was part of
a global catastrophe that may have included a partial Pole Shift and an
increase in the Solar Year from a 288 day solar year to a 360 day solar
rotation. This chapter is a partial list of the consequences, reactions and
effects of the Event.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">At almost exactly 7,000 years ago, the 3</span><sup style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">rd</sup><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">
Meltwater Pulse abruptly ended, causing ocean levels to stabilize for the first
time in 4,000 years. During the 3</span><sup style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">rd</sup><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Meltwater Pulse between 11.200
and 7,000 years ago, ocean levels had risen nearly 195 feet. Following the mega
disaster, the ocean levels around the Gulf of Mexico and Florida have risen
about 5 feet. (Almost all of that 5 foot increase occurred between 7,000 and
5,000 years ago.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">One of the primary pieces of evidence of the disaster is the
Second Storegga Methane Gas eruption, a subsurface landslide in an area more
than 600 miles in length and 70 miles wide, located between Denmark and Iceland.
The Super Disaster caused a global conflagration, destroying almost all
evidence of previous civilizations around the Atlantic Basin Rim, including the
Ancient Canal Builders, The Windover People, the Copper miners in Upper
Michigan, and others groups on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Mega Cataclysm and the resulting Storegga landslide was
on such a massive scale, that other land masses near close subduction areas
could have been affected and may have subsided or become inundated to a depth
of hundreds to thousands of feet as a contiguous part of the initial landslide.
Although the Mega Disaster could certainly account for an inundation of a large
land mass, I do not claim that land mass to be the well-known ‘Atlantis’.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The effected land mass very well could have been Doggerland,
and the Dogger Banks which were inundated and finally sank beneath the waves at
about the same time, flooding the land bridge between Europe and England. Though
Doggerland and Storegga Tsunami c14 dating is questioned, we adhere to actual
rather than ‘calibrated dates’ centered around 7,100 years ago as the most
likely actual date of occurrence.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Bosporus
Straight was breeched about 7,100 ybp, coincidental to both events.</span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In 1997, Ryan and Pitman, though unaware of
the Storegga data, presented astonishing evidence ".. that a drowning
event on the Pontic Basin resulted from a marine transgression into a vastly
sunken lake...", and designated</span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">7,100 BP as the date of the flooding event.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Galveston Bay,
TX.</span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">An event occurred in Galveston Bay
between 7,300-7,100 years ago, in which the boundary between river and bay
receded about 35 kilometers upstream. (That is 22 miles inland). Michilla Bay,
Chile has a Tsunami debris field about 6-7 meters high, about a mile inland,
dated to 7,100 ybp. Niagara Falls and Minnesota Falls are regression dated to 7,000
years ago as their most likely ‘creation’ date.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Windover Bog
People, living in Florida are a derivative European group, with a higher based
technology culture than is previously known in the Americas. They had machine
woven textiles, and a social-cultural complex that included sophisticated
burial processes.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">We will look at
other events, features, artifacts and anomalies that are dated specifically to
the Last Great Cataclysm, 7000 years ago. This is generally new data and
information and does not include very much information and data that arguably
is of pre-cataclysm origin.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This book started
out as a single chapter has grown to look at hard artifacts that can be
evaluated via 14c dating or in some cases, DNA tests.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Further books
will detail information and events regarding civilizations, cultures,
calendars, ocean rise, cosmology, and artifacts that pre-date the 7000 years
ago cataclysm, focusing on the several cataclysms that occurred at the end of
the Pleistocene and the Holocene Start about 15,000 years ago.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">John Jensen,</span></div>
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ancient Canal
Builders and Earth Epochs</span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 2008 - </span><span style="color: #404040; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2016</span></div>
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Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-21110538192948913422014-04-03T06:26:00.001-07:002014-04-18T21:09:59.164-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The Largest Ancient </span></span><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 21.466665267944336px;">Man Made</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> Canal System on Earth</span></span></span></b></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">From my Free Web Book 'AncientCanalBuilders.com'</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uRghzJQz9PM/Uz1TE9TwnOI/AAAAAAAANfM/OKhBu72SUK8/s1600/So+Africa+Agri+canals+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uRghzJQz9PM/Uz1TE9TwnOI/AAAAAAAANfM/OKhBu72SUK8/s1600/So+Africa+Agri+canals+1.jpg" height="240" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The largest wide-array </span><span style="line-height: 15.333333015441895px;">man made</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> (or at least non natural) structure in the world is in fact an ancient terra formed systems of agricultural-aquaculture canals in Northwestern Botswana
and Northeastern Namibia, north of the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa. Obviously quite ancient,
the canal systems no longer provide free flowing water throughout its 105,000
mile array, but many sections show obvious intention to provide cross sectional </span><span style="line-height: 14.949999809265137px;">irrigation</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">These canals are too evenly spaced over too large an area to be any kind of natural formation. Based on entry and exit points, it is readily apparent this system is a very large, controlled agronomy </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.333333015441895px;">array</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> and/or aquaculture system. Its age is defined by the overgrown nature of the canals, as well as some areas that are covered over with drift and sand erosion.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">The entire complex covers an area about equal in size to the State of Arizona in the USA. The
canals are an integrated system of apparent irrigation and agricultural (and probably aquaculture) design.
The system is about 350 miles in width and about 300 miles in depth. (For the remnants still visible.) This system represents roughly 67 MILLION acres of sustainable agriculture. Given the sophistication of design, it is entirely plausible to assume an above average yield, i.e. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 15.333333015441895px;">feeding well over 90 persons </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">per acre on an annual basis. The system may or may not have provided a sustainable aquaculture (marine farming) environment. I have no reason to suspect that it did not.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Given the size and scope of this complex, (canals are about 1 mile apart on average) and collectively are roughly 350 X 300 miles in a rough rectangular format. (At least the observable parts) There could be, and probably is, much more to this complex than what is visible to the naked eye. Right now, we can identify ancient cultivation of roughly 105,000 square miles. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One square mile = 27,878,400 square feet, or 640 acres, so the entire complex had a sustained producing land mass of (640 acres x 105,000 square miles) or > 67,200,000 acres. (That is 67 MILLION acres)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One linear mile of canal had (750' width x + >12' depth x 5,280') = 47,520,000 cubic ft of water per linear mile.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Entire canal length (105,000 miles x 47.5 million cubic ft per mile) = 5,000,000,000,000 (That's 5 TRILLION) cubic feet of water in the canals. It would be an incredible waste of time and effort to irrigate >105,000 square miles of sustainable agriculture land, and not use the 5 trillion cubic feet of water circulating in the canals for aquaculture farming. I don't think the builders were that stupid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Different estimates of the numbers of people this sustainable system would supply varies widely, though it is generally accepted that a system like this, if properly managed would provide a complete annual diet for somewhere between 60 to 120 people per acre. Which means this system was in fact providing food for an average of about 5 Billion people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This array is in fact the largest non natural artifact on the Planet. It can be clearly viewed unaided from the International Space Station at roughly 230 miles up, which cannot be said for any other non natural feature on Earth.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I would suggest that depth of canal(s) must have been significant to compensate for general slight variations in elevation. There seems to be an average elevation variation of about 60', sometime more, and sometimes less.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Your comments are welcome, or you can contact me here: </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">johnmjensenjr@gmail.com</span></span><br />
321-614-5040<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 15.333333015441895px;">First brought to my attention by Gary Schoening <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Here is his original Vimeo post: <o:p></o:p></span></span><a href="http://vimeo.com/64351951" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;" target="_blank">http://vimeo.com/64351951</a></div>
Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-67795737187513840532014-02-22T19:55:00.002-08:002016-07-18T14:07:37.554-07:00Super MegalithsMy online free web book: "Earth Epochs" here: http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/536932<br />
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I subscribe to a couple of Russian Blogs and Websites that post various data and information without the typical hype and filters of Western Science, Academia and the Press, let alone the fringe and "Alien" woo-woo crowd interests. The following are photos of some Super Megaliths from Southern Siberia near the mountains of Gornaya Shoria. The photos are from the website of Valery Uvarov.<br />
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The super megaliths were found and photographed for the first time by Georgy Sidorov on a recent expedition to the Southern Siberian mountains. The following images are from Valery Uvarov's Russian website.<br />
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There are no measurements given, but from the scale depicted by the human figures, these megaliths are much larger (as much as 2 to 3 times larger) than the largest known megaliths in the world. (Example: The Pregnant Woman Stone of Baalbek, Lebanon weighs in at approximately 1,260 ton). Some of these megaliths could easily weigh upwards of 3,000 to 4,000 tons.<br />
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There is little commentary on Valery's site, so the image are displayed here without much comments, other than my own limited observations.<br />
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These megaliths reach well back into the mists of pre-history, so far in fact, that conjecture about their 'builders', methods, purpose and meaning is pure speculation, and as such, I would hesitate to offer any observation at all, other than to say our pre-historical past is richer than we ever dreamed.<br />
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John Jensen<br />
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<br />Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com67tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-29406253599910365272014-02-09T09:56:00.001-08:002014-02-25T13:20:25.883-08:00Hominin Body Types (A eulogy to Lloyd Pye)<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
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<b><span style="color: #984806; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">A
short eulogy to Lloyd Pye<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">It has been two months since Lloyd's passing,
and I haven't gotten my head wrapped around it yet. In the last years of my own
life I met a true kindred spirit in Lloyd, and we were just starting down the
road of writing the 3 books in the series I have been working on full time for
the last 5 years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Sorry that I have not posted anything, but I
just didn't have anything to say. Lloyd meant more to me on a daily basis than
I realized. Now with him gone, I find it hard to concentrate on the work,
because he was so integrated into my thinking processes about the changing
landscape of the -7K disaster.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">We argued (with a smile, and without malice) a
significant amount about the differences between 'Hominids' and 'Hominins'. He
was an expert, and I a novice, but I never could get around the idea that all
species of the genus 'Hominids' are simply variations from the biological
family of 'Hominins'. The ones that exhibit flight and anti-gravity
capabilities, (and visible, invisible characteristics) simply possess
technology we are just beginning to dimly realize as some form of electrostatic
manipulation by some unknown means.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Lloyd saw 'them' as an intermediary link between
the science of 'gradualism', and the theology of 'creationism', which he called
'Interventionism'. He was vested in that concept over a long enough period of
time, that he wasn't going to make the leap to a fourth rail very easily. But
we had tremendous, exciting, and fulfilling discussions about the concepts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">My view, simply stated is that 'They' are not
'from' out there somewhere in a galaxy (or Universe) far, far away. They may
have 'gone' there, and returned, but they are originally indigenous to the
planet Earth, and are absolutely part of the fabric of our collective biology
as carbon based life forms. It is for another day to discuss where and how our
collective 'Hominin' ancestral DNA and genome pool originated. But it is very
hard to ignore the fact that some specific strings of DNA are exact matches
across all carbon based life forms, including the so called 'Starchild Skull',
Modern Humans, Elongated Skulls, Denisovan, Red Deer People, Neanderthal, Apes,
Horses, Dinosaurs (yes folks, there are in fact Non-Fossilized dinosaur bones
that have been tested) Trees, Plants, Fish, Fowl down to a jelly like mass of a
Sea Cucumber. They ALL, collectively have some significant amount of matching
DNA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The conclusion is that if ALL carbon based life
forms on Planet Earth, at least as far as we have been able to test, contain
some exact matching strings of DNA, which has to mean that it is more likely,
rather than less likely that ALL carbon based life forms that are inhabitants
of the planet, are by definition, indigenous to the planet. It is unrealistic
and bad science to segment off a single species and without evidence, assign
them an 'off-planet' origin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">My argument is that 'They' are here now, and
'They' have always been here (at least as far back as our collective memory and
recording skills have existed) so 'They' are, in fact, logically just another
Terrestrial carbon based life forms. Simply 'Other Terrestrials' or
"OT's". 'They are from here originally, adjusting to specific diverse
biological niches. Like all other life forms 'They' live, breed, survive, die out
and go extinct, and 'Their' only real difference, is that 'They' have may have
access to some technologies that are more advanced than anything we can
remotely imagine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The 23 or so variations from the 'Family' of
Hominins that have been identified, observed, photographed, or that have
provided fossil proof of having lived (or are living) on or near the surface of
Earth's biosphere, have about as much in common regarding DNA similarities as
they have differences. The range is from about 40% up to 96% matching strings
of DNA. In my opinion that is too large a number to be anything other than what
it suggests. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ALL Hominins are more likely 'related' as
Terrestrial inhabitants of this planet, than any other external origin
hypothesis would support. You can argue individual specimens, but the
preponderance of evidence supports at least 23 separate 'species'. (See list in
footnotes)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">In light of what little we know of the actual
nature of our Galaxy, other Galaxies, the Universe and other Universes, it
borders on the fantastical to assume that some carbon based life formed
traveled 'From' some distant realm of our, or some other Galaxy, Or Universe, THEN
find out they are in large part a biological match for ALL life forms on THIS
planet. Really?? We don't even know how biological life originated on this
planet. But it did. Every blade of grass, leaf, bone, feather, and fin is a
testament to that fact. So 'They' are more likely to be part of that fabric,
than not. In conclusion to that little nugget of observation, that fact in and
of itself will impact nothing about 'Their' status, functions, capabilities,
technologies, and probably space travel OUT TO some other parts of our Galaxy
(or Universe) and back. The only thing I am suggesting is different about
'Them', is that 'They' are originally 'From' here, and are in fact
"Original Terrestrials" or OT’s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The hard fact is that neither the proponents of
the 'Ancient Alien' theory nor their detractors have a single piece of hard
evidence that supports where the Hominins are from. Their theories are based on
'abstractions' or their perceived views of the purpose and meaning of some
general or unknown technology or artifacts. The advocates for 'Ancient Aliens'
get it just as wrong as do the entrenched Scientific and Academic groups that
are at war with the Theology and Magic of modern Religion. There seems to be
little logic or rationalism in the arguments on either side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Anyway, I miss you Lloyd, and our discussions.
This is exactly like a stream of consciousness email I would send you, and
maybe change my mind several times over the discussion that would follow. I
hope where ever you are up there, you keep lively and thought provoking
conversations going.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">John<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Footnote:</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">List of species that
have been seen and documented in multiple (hundreds to thousands) of
eye-witness reports and or physical evidence including bone, skull or fossil
proof of their existence from the late Pleistocene, to late Holocene:</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1-13 are from the list
of reported and or observed bones, skulls, fossils, or other biological,
geological data, (ex. footprints, etc.)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 1. Modern Humans</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 2. Cro Magnon</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 3. Neanderthal</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 4. Denisovan</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 5. Red Deer
People</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 6. Red
haired, 6 fingers, 6 toes large human (smallest of the known giants)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 7. Small Giants,
9'-10' (ex. Goliath)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 8. Medium Giants,
12' to 16' (ex. Og of Bashan)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 9. Large Giants,
16' to 26'</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">10. Super Large Giants,
up to 36'</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">11. Elongated skulls</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">12. Starchild skull</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">13. Rhodopes Skull</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">14-23 are from the list
of 'sighted, viewed, recorded, photographed, filmed or reported creatures.</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">14. Small Pygmies
(ex. Tennessee burial)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">15. Tiny flyers (ex.
Dragons, Reptoids, miniatures. etc.)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">16. Wee Folk,
Elves, Fairies, Leprechauns, Hobbits</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">17. 'Alien' Grays (Tall
and Short)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">18. 'Alien' Reptoids</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">19. 'Alien' Nordic type,
Pleidians,</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">20. 'Alien' Blue
Fireplug</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">21. Bigfoot, Sasquatch</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">22. Almas, Yeti,</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">23. Marine Apes, (ex.
Mermaids)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2580295545859374984.post-47179452178268333682013-11-03T19:43:00.000-08:002016-07-04T04:06:52.916-07:00Welcome to Earth Epochs Blog<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My first online free web book is located here: https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/536932</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have been trying for some time to publish my full web book one section at a time on Facebook, but it ends up not working as well as I had thought, and not enough review and dispersal there of my material, so I thought I would try this blog format. I had built this blog page about three years ago, and just had never used it. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; widows: 1;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="widows: 1;">For any of you that may not be familiar with my work, I discovered evidence of a lost civilization or culture on the East and Gulf Coasts of North and Central America in 2008. Over the last 4 years I have been researching and documenting the locations and specific evidence to support the initial finding. The original discovery include underwater or sunken harbors, canals and channels that are on a secondary tidal shoulder, under 6' to 9' of ocean level. Almost all the evidence presented regarding these anomalies have no connection whatsoever to any modern or current land based use. In fact they are almost all offshore anywhere from hundreds of feet from the current shore line, to a few that are out on the continental shelf in the open ocean, two and a half miles beyond current land. They all match each other in depth characteristics, as well as matching the depth of the so called "Bimini Road-Harbor". </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="widows: 1;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="widows: 1;">To review this data, my websites or other information or material </span><span style="widows: 1;">relating to 'Ancient Canal Builders' or 'The Last Great Cataclysm – 7,000 Years Ago' in any detail, it is important to understand the significance of sea level raise during the end of the Pleistocene, and the first half of the current Holocene epoch as a solid dating mechanism.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #000066;"><br /></span></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;">Late
Pleistocene, early Holocene Sea Level Rise</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">During the early Holocene, between about 15K and 7K years ago, six or more catastrophic to super
cataclysmic events occurred that on each occasion radically and nearly instantaneously changed the Earth's ambient
temperature, causing three rapid ice sheet melt periods, termed by oceanographers as "Meltwater Pulse" periods. The
first meltwater pulse was the most sudden and the most severe,
occurring about 14,800 years ago. Between then and 13,800 ybp, in
about 1,000 years, the resulting ice melt pulse caused a global Sea
Level increase of about 75'. That is about 7' 6” of global ocean
rise every 100 years. That is an enormous rate of ice melt and
consequent ocean level increase. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To grasp the significance, it calls
into question the very basics of Hydro and Thermal Dynamics. From a
lay viewpoint, there seems to be only one explanation for such a rapid
ice melt, and that is some radical form of 'heat transfer'. As the
Sun is the only external heat mechanism in the solar system, it
follows logically that the Sun was the primary cause of at least
the first and probably all three rapid melt pulses. Of course that does not exclude an impact or near impact event to initiate the change, though it could also be a solar driven event. A "roll-over" or crustal slip not triggered by some external agent probably would not account for a rapid to instant increase or decrease in </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ambient</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> heat index.</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xp4l5OMkx9s/UzR3rhqXeUI/AAAAAAAANdo/VWVd70Y5Dyw/s1600/FilePost-Glacial+Sea+Level-large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xp4l5OMkx9s/UzR3rhqXeUI/AAAAAAAANdo/VWVd70Y5Dyw/s1600/FilePost-Glacial+Sea+Level-large.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It
is not the scope of this review to postulate HOW the Sun directly or
indirectly may have caused such a rapid change in heat index to cause the ice melt, whether caused by a long term
sustained (</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">thousand odd year) </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Solar Storm throwing out continuous
flares, or whether some external event
'bumped' the earth into a much closer solar orbit to the sun than it
now possesses. There are some historical records (Sumerian Epics)
indicating planetary chaos during the early Holocene time frame, indicating the
'bump' may have been a primary trigger for the rapid ice melt. In addition, several very large array underground ancient cities, such
as </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cappadocia</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
in Turkey, indicate the outside surface temperature may have been uninhabitable on a sustained long term basis, driving entire cities with as
many as 80,000 residents deep underground. During that period, tall walled cities were the standard safety protection for cities of that size, making it unrealistic to assume the underground cities were engineered solely as a safety mechanism against marauding invaders. Looking at the underground cities within the context of a very probable high heat index that was concurrently causing an ice sheet melt pulse is reasonable logic of their purpose. Though the underground cave cities were in fact excellent defensive zones, in addition to being naturally aspirated and air conditioned.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span>The
amount (cubic meters or tons) of ice melt during the first meltwater pulse is
staggering, considering it occurred during a very short period of
time, relatively speaking (about 800 years). In any case, ocean levels rose about 75 ft, during that time, and the start (or beginning) and end of the first pulse appears to have occurred on a sudden and
cataclysmic basis.The
intervening 800 years between the end of the first and beginning of
the second meltwater pulse is called 'The First Little Ice Age'. During that first 800 odd years, very little ice melted, probably during a temperature range that was only slightly warmer than current.<span style="color: black;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As
indicated on the graph, the second meltwater pulse was of shorter
duration than the first, and seems to have been less exposed to the
extreme temperature of the first pulse. During the second meltwater pulse, ocean rise was about 35'. The beginning and end events were dramatically and obviously catastrophic. The second break, though not a classic 'little ice age' was significantly warmer than the first, and also lasted about 800 years, during which time ocean level only rose about 5'6" or less.The third meltwater pulse between about 11.2K years ago, and 7K years ago is the primary period that my work covers, because it is the highest sustained ocean level rise across the first half of the Holocene. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">During this period ocean levels rose about 195' over a 4,000 year period, or roughly 5' every 100 years during that period. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My work will explore a vast array of evidence that supports a super catastrophic event occurred at 7K years ago, (+ or - 100). The following chart demonstrates ocean rise between 7K years ago and current levels as being just over 5'6", and most of that occurred during a slowdown following the 7K event. Ocean levels have rose worldwide </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">variably </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">less than 1' over the last 5.5K years.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">In
the Holocene Sea Level rise above, (Jamaica plot) the tertiary or third tidal
shoulder('A') is estimated to be 5'6" in depth. That depth is
precisely the edge of the 'leveling off' of the early Holocene rapid
ocean rise, as measured by the Jamaica results, where 7,000 years ago
the ocean level stabilized at about 1.5 meters or about 5' 6"
lower than it is today.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The
Secondary Tidal Shoulder ('B') is estimated to be about 2' in depth.
That depth coincides with the second 'leveling off' of sea level rise
at about 5.9K years ago. The Secondary Tidal Plain covers a period
of about 800 years, and levels off to the Primary Tidal Plain, ('C')
which is the current water table, which leveled off about 5,100 years ago.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The
difference between any two water table in terms of depth, defines the
'life cycle' of that tidal plain. Any non natural artifacts or
construction is dated to no earlier than the earlier tidal shoulder from which it was found.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Most
information on this website is supported by artifacts and
construction on the Secondary Tidal Plain level, indicating its build
and use dates to be slightly earlier than the Tertiary Tidal Shoulder of
7,000 ybp, and no later than the Secondary Tidal Shoulder of 5,900
years ago.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Please
compare the above information to the Holocene Sea Level chart above. My contention is that a technically advanced civilization inhabited the Atlantic and Gulf coast, then disappeared during a global super catastrophe about 7K years ago.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b>Tidal Age-Depth</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; widows: auto;">Ocean level, when stable for some period of time develops a 'tidal shoulder' as a reaction to water movement and tidal rise and fall. Given enough time and a relative stable shoreline, the tidal shoulder outline is sometimes very clear, other times it is less clear. Depth between shoulders provides an accurate estimate of tidal plain life cycle, or length of time between the cycle use dates of the upper and lower tidal shoulder. Original timeline related to ocean depth are established by many factors including depth levels as marked on vertical underwater cliffs, coral growth at certain levels, salt lines and tidal action wear on underwater sandstone as well as DNA testing on seashell populations and other biological residue on previous underwater beaches.</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; widows: 4;"><span style="color: #999999;">Authenticity</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The
above figures are based on data from Fleming et al. 1998, Fleming
2000, & Milne et al. 2005. These papers collected data from
various reports and adjusted them for subsequent vertical geologic
motions, primarily those associated with post-glacial continental and
hydroisostatic rebound. The first refers to deformations caused
by the weight of continental ice sheets pressing down on the land,
the latter refers to uplift in coastal areas resulting from the
increased weight of water associated with rising sea levels. It
should be noted that because of the latter effect and associated
uplift, many islands, especially in the Pacific, exhibited higher
local sea levels in the mid Holocene than they do today. Uncertainty
about the magnitude of these corrections is the dominant uncertainty
in many measurements of Holocene scale sea level change.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The
black curve is based on minimizing the sum of squares error weighted
distance between this curve and the plotted data. It was constructed
by adjusting a number of specified tie points, typically placed every
1 kyr and forced to go to 0 at the modern day. A small number of
extreme outliers were dropped. It should be noted that some authors
propose the existence of significant short-term fluctuations in sea
level such that the sea level curve might oscillate up and down about
this ~1 kyr mean state. Others dispute this and argue that sea level
change has been a smooth and gradual process for essentially the
entire length of the Holocene. Regardless of such putative
fluctuations, evidence such as presented by Morhange et al. (2001)
suggests that in the last 10 kyr sea level has never been higher than
it is at present.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">CONCLUSIONS</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Sea
Levels have risen about 410' + or -, over the last 15,000 years in
the areas depicted in this study. Using sea level rise as a dating
mechanism is valid when features, contours or artifacts situated on a
tidal shelf can be identified as having been built or created when
that area was above sea level.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">References:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Holocene_Sea_Level_png" target="_blank">Images
created by Robert A. Rohde / Global Warming
Art</a><a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Holocene_Sea_Level_png">http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Holocene_Sea_Level_png</a></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="LEFT" style="widows: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">[</span><strong><a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Reference:Fleming_et_al._1998"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">abstract</span></span></a></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">]
[</span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0012-821X%2898%2900198-8"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">DOI</span></span></a></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">] Fleming,
Kevin, Paul Johnston, Dan Zwartz, Yusuke Yokoyama, Kurt Lambeck and
John Chappell (1998). "Refining the eustatic sea-level curve
since the Last Glacial Maximum using far- and intermediate-field
sites". </span><em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Earth
and Planetary Science Letters</span></span></em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">163</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> (1-4):
327-342.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Fleming,
Kevin Michael (2000). </span><em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Glacial
Rebound and Sea-level Change Constraints on the Greenland Ice Sheet</span></span></em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">.
Australian National University. PhD Thesis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">[</span><strong><a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Reference:Milne_et_al._2005"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">abstract</span></span></a></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">]
[</span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quascirev.2004.10.005"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">DOI</span></span></a></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">] Milne,
Glenn A., Antony J. Long and Sophie E. Bassett (2005).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">"Modelling
Holocene relative sea-level observations from the Caribbean and
South America". </span><em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Quaternary
Science Reviews</span></span></em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">24</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> (10-11):
1183-1202.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">[</span><strong><a href="http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Reference:Morhange_et_al._2001"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">abstract</span></span></a></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">]
[</span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-0182%2800%2900215-7"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">DOI</span></span></a></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">] Morhange,
C., J. Laborel, and A. Hesnard (2001). "Changes of relative sea
level during the past 5000 years in the ancient harbor of
Marseilles, Southern France".</span><em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</span></span></em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">166</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">:
319-329. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">This data is taken from my web book at https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/536932</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">In this work, I will try and document (cite) the scientific evidence that my assertions are made upon.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">John Jensen Nov. 2, 2013</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">johnmjensenjr@gmail.com</span>Earth Epochshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00344758176883760323noreply@blogger.com4